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Chapter 14: Q1Q (page 390)
What happens to the work done on a jar of orange juice when it is vigorously shaken?
When a jar is vigorously shaken, the work done on the jar is used in increasing the temperature of the orange juice.
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Does an ordinary electric fan cool the air? Why or why not? If not, why use it?
Explain why air temperature readings are always taken with the thermometer in the shade.
(II) An iron boiler of mass 180 kg contains 730 kg of water at 18°C. A heater supplies energy at the rate of 58,000 kJ/h. How long does it take for the water (a) to reach the boiling point and (b) to all have changed to steam?
Estimate the rate at which heat can be conducted from the interior of the body to the surface. As a model, assume that the thickness of tissue is 4.0 cm, that the skin is at 34°C and the interior at 37°C, and that the surface area \({\bf{1}}{\bf{.5}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{2}}}\) is Compare this to the measured value of about 230 W that must be dissipated by a person working lightly. This clearly shows the necessity of convective cooling by the blood.
Sea breezes are often encountered on sunny days at the shore of a large body of water. Explain, noting that the temperature of the land rises more rapidly than that of the nearby water.
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