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Chapter 15: 13Q (page 412)


Question:Think up several processes (other than those already mentioned) that would obey the first law of thermodynamics, but, if they actually occurred, would violate the second law?

Short Answer

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(1) The water on the footway combines into small droplets, which are compelled to move upward and rise into the air.

(2) A soccer ball in the field collects some energy from its surroundings and initiates to roll.

(3) A cup of tea warms by taking thermal energy from the air molecules around its surrounding.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the first law of thermodynamics 

According to the first law of thermodynamics, any thermodynamic process is subjected to the principle of conservation of energy, which indicates that energy cannot be produced or demolished.

02

Determining several processes that would obey the first law of thermodynamics and violate the second law of thermodynamics when taking place

The following are some processes that will obey the first law and violate the second law if they occur.

(1) The water on the footway combines into small droplets, which are compelled to move upward and rise into the air.

(2) A soccer ball in the field collects some energy from its surroundings and initiates to roll.

(3) A cup of tea warms by taking thermal energy from the air molecules around its surrounding.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(II) Sketch a PV diagram of the following process: 2.5 L of ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is cooled at constant pressure to a volume of 1.0 L, and then expanded isothermally back to 2.5 L, whereupon the pressure is increased at constant volume until the original pressure is reached.

A “Carnot” refrigerator (the reverse of a Carnot engine) absorbs heat from the freezer compartment at a temperature of -17°C and exhausts it into the room at 25°C.

(a) How much work would the refrigerator do to change 0.65 kg of water at 25°C into ice at -17°C.

(b) If the compressor output is 105 W and runs 25% of the time, how long will this take?

Question:You are asked to test a machine that the inventor calls an “in-room air conditioner”: a big box, standing in the middle of the room, with a cable that plugs into a power outlet. When the machine is switched on, you feel a stream of cold air coming out of it. How do you know that this machine cannot cool the room?

Question: An ideal heat pump is used to maintain the inside temperature of a house at \({T_{{\rm{in}}}} = 22{\rm{^\circ C}}\) when the outside temperature is \({T_{{\rm{out}}}}\). Assume that when it is operating, the heat pump does work at a rate of 1500 W. Also assume that the house loses heat via conduction through its walls and other surfaces at a rate given by \(\left( {650\;{{\rm{W}} \mathord{\left/

{\vphantom {{\rm{W}} {{\rm{^\circ C}}}}} \right.} {{\rm{^\circ C}}}}} \right)\left( {{T_{{\rm{in}}}} - {T_{{\rm{out}}}}} \right)\). (a) For what outside temperature would the heat pump have to operate all the time in order to maintain the house at an inside temperature of 22°C? (b) If the outside temperature is 8°C, what percentage of the time does the heat pump have to operate in order to maintain the house at an inside temperature of 22°C?

Question:(I) If an ideal refrigerator keeps its contents at 2.5°C when the house temperature is 22°C, what is its COP?
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