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Chapter 15: 20Q (page 412)
Question: Living organisms, as they grow, convert relatively simple food molecules into complex structures. Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? Explain your answer.
No, this is not a violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
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A falling rock has kinetic energy KE just before striking the ground and coming to rest. What is the total change in entropy of rock plus environment as a result of this collision?
A cooling unit for a new freezer has an inner surface area of\({\bf{8}}{\bf{.0}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{2}}}\), and is bounded by walls 12 cm thick with a thermal conductivity of\({\bf{0}}{\bf{.050}}\;{\bf{W/m}} \cdot {\bf{K}}\). The inside must be kept at -15°C in a room that is at 22°C. The motor for the cooling unit must run no more than 15% of the time. What is the minimum power requirement of the cooling motor?
Refrigeration units can be rated in “tons.” A 1-ton air conditioning system can remove sufficient energy to freeze 1 ton (2000 pounds = 909 kg) of 0°C water into 0°C ice in one 24-h day. If, on a 35°C day, the interior of a house is maintained at 22°C by the continuous operation of a 5-ton air conditioning system, how much does this cooling cost the homeowner per hour? Assume the work done by the refrigeration unit is powered by electricity that costs $0.10 per kWh and that the unit’s coefficient of performance is 18% that of an ideal refrigerator.\({\bf{1}}\;{\bf{kWh = 3}}{\bf{.60 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}{\bf{6}}}\;{\bf{J}}\).
Question:(II) A nuclear power plant operates at 65% of its maximum theoretical (Carnot) efficiency between temperatures of 660°C and 330°C. If the plant produces electric energy at the rate of 1.4 GW, how much exhaust heat is discharged per hour?
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal process. Which of the following statements are true? (i) No heat is added to or removed from the gas. (ii) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (iii) The average kinetic energy of the molecules does not change.
(a) (i) only.
(b) (i) and (ii) only.
(c) (i) and (iii) only.
(d) (ii) and (iii) only.
(e) (i), (ii), and (iii).
(f) None of the above.
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