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Chapter 15: 6MCQ (page 412)

An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, a process in which no heat flows into or out of the gas. As a result,

(a) the temperature of the gas remains constant and the pressure decreases.

(b) both the temperature and pressure of the gas decrease.

(c) the temperature of the gas decreases and the pressure increases.

(d) both the temperature and volume of the gas increase.

(e) both the temperature and pressure of the gas increase

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is (b).

Step by step solution

01

Concepts 

From the first law of thermodynamics, you get \(\Delta U = Q - W\).

Now, for the adiabatic process,\(Q = 0\).

02

Explanation 

Now, for the adiabatic process, you get:

\(\begin{array}{c}\Delta U = Q - W\\\Delta U = - W\end{array}\)

For adiabatic expansion, the distance between the gas molecules increases, which causes a decrease in pressure.

In adiabatic expansion, the work is done by the gas; so the internal energy of the gas decreases, which results in a decrease in temperature.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(II) Water is stored in an artificial lake created by a dam (Fig. 15–27). The water depth is 48 m at the dam, and a steady flow rate of\({\bf{32}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{3}}}{\bf{/s}}\)is maintained through hydroelectric turbines installed near the base of the dam. How much electrical power can be produced?

FIGURE 15-27 Problem 55

It has been suggested that a heat engine could be developed that made use of the temperature difference between water at the surface of the ocean and water several hundred meters deep. In the tropics, the temperatures may be 27°C and 4°C, respectively.

(a) What is the maximum efficiency such an engine could have?

(b) Why might such an engine be feasible in spite of the low efficiency?

(c) Can you imagine any adverse environmental effects that might occur?

(II) A restaurant refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 4.6. If the temperature in the kitchen outside the refrigerator is 32°C, what is the lowest temperature that could be obtained inside the refrigerator if it were ideal?

Question: An ideal gas undergoes an isobaric compression and then an isovolumetric process that brings it back to its initial temperature. Had the gas undergone one isothermal process instead,

(a) the work done on the gas would be the same.

(b) the work done on the gas would be less.

(c) the work done on the gas would be greater.

(d) Need to know the temperature of the isothermal process.

Calculate the work done by an ideal gas while going from state A to state C in Fig. 15–28 for each of the following processes:

(a) ADC,

(b) ABC, and

(c) AC directly.

FIGURE 15–28

Problem 68
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