A 61-cm-diameter wheel accelerates uniformly about its center from 120 rpm to 280 rpm in 4.0 s. Determine (a) its angular acceleration, and (b) the radial and tangential components of the linear acceleration of a point on the edge of the wheel 2.0 s after it has started accelerating.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The results for parts (a) and (b) are\(\alpha = 4.2\;{\rm{rad/}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\), and\({a_{\rm{r}}} = 133.2\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\) and \({a_{\rm{t}}} = 1.28\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\), respectively.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

The diameter of the wheel is\(D = 61\;{\rm{cm}}\).

The initial revolutions per minute are\({N_1} = 120\;{\rm{rpm}}\).

The final revolutions per minute are\({N_2} = 280\;{\rm{rpm}}\).

The time taken is\(t = 4\;{\rm{s}}\).

The time after acceleration starts is\({t_0} = 2\;{\rm{s}}\).

02

Understanding angular acceleration

In order to calculate the angular acceleration, the kinematic relation will be used, and for the component of the acceleration, first, instantaneous velocity is required.

03

Determine the angular acceleration 

The relation to find the angular acceleration is given by:

\(\alpha = \frac{{{\omega _2} - {\omega _1}}}{t}\)

Here, \({\omega _1}\) and \({\omega _1}\) are the initial and final angular velocities.

On plugging the values in the above relation, you get:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}\alpha &= \left( {\frac{{\left( {280\;{\rm{rpm}} \times \frac{{2\pi \;{\rm{rad}}}}{{1\;{\rm{rev}}}} \times \frac{{1\;{\rm{min}}}}{{60\;{\rm{s}}}}} \right) - \left( {120\;{\rm{rpm}} \times \frac{{2\pi \;{\rm{rad}}}}{{1\;{\rm{rev}}}} \times \frac{{1\;{\rm{min}}}}{{60\;{\rm{s}}}}} \right)}}{{\left( {4\;{\rm{s}}} \right)}}} \right)\\\alpha &= \left( {\frac{{\left( {29.3\;{\rm{rad/s}}} \right) - \left( {12.5\;{\rm{rad/s}}} \right)}}{{\left( {4\;{\rm{s}}} \right)}}} \right)\\\alpha &= 4.2\;{\rm{rad/}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\end{aligned}\)

Thus, \(\alpha = 4.2\;{\rm{rad/}}{{\rm{s}}^{\rm{2}}}\) is the angular acceleration.

04

Determine the instantaneous angular velocity

The relation to find the angular velocity is given by:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{\omega _0} &= {\omega _1} + \alpha {t_0}\\{\omega _0} &= \left( {12.5\;{\rm{rad/s}}} \right) + \left( {4.2\;{\rm{rad/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}} \right)\left( {2\;{\rm{s}}} \right)\\{\omega _0} &= 20.9\;{\rm{rad/s}}\end{aligned}\)

The relation to find the radial acceleration is given by:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{a_{\rm{r}}} &= {\omega _0}^2r\\{a_{\rm{r}}} &= {\omega _0}^2\left( {\frac{D}{2}} \right)\end{aligned}\)

05

Determine the radial and tangential components of acceleration

On plugging the values in the above relation, you get:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{a_{\rm{r}}} &= {\left( {20.9\;{\rm{rad/s}}} \right)^2}\left( {\frac{{61\;{\rm{cm}} \times \frac{{1\;{\rm{m}}}}{{100\;{\rm{cm}}}}}}{2}} \right)\\{a_{\rm{r}}} &= 133.2\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\end{aligned}\)

The relation to find the tangential acceleration is given by:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{a_{\rm{t}}} &= \alpha r\\{a_{\rm{t}}} &= \alpha \left( {\frac{D}{2}} \right)\end{aligned}\)

On plugging the values in the above relation, you get:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{a_{\rm{t}}} &= \left( {4.2\;{\rm{rad/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}} \right)\left( {\frac{{61\;{\rm{cm}} \times \frac{{1\;{\rm{m}}}}{{100\;{\rm{cm}}}}}}{2}} \right)\\{a_{\rm{t}}} &= 1.28\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\end{aligned}\)

Thus, \({a_{\rm{r}}} = 133.2\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\) and \({a_{\rm{t}}} = 1.28\;{\rm{m/}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\) are the radial and tangential acceleration.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider a force \(F{\bf{ = 80}}\;{\bf{N}}\) applied to a beam as shown in Fig. 8–37. The length of the beam is \(l{\bf{ = 5}}{\bf{.0}}\;{\bf{m}}\) and \(\theta {\bf{ = 3}}{{\bf{7}}^{\bf{o}}}\), so that \(x{\bf{ = 3}}{\bf{.0}}\;{\bf{m}}\) and \(y{\bf{ = 4}}{\bf{.0}}\;{\bf{m}}\). Of the following expressions, which ones give the correct torque produced by the force around point P?

(a) 80 N.

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(d) (80 N)(4.0 m).

(e) (80 N)(3.0 m).

(f) (48 N)(5.0 m).

(g) (48 N)(4.0 m)(sin 37°).

FIGURE 8-37MisConceptual Question 5.

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