Chapter 15: Problem 49

Suppose astronomers discover that a near-Earth object the size of 1994 XM1 is on collision course with Earth. Describe what humanity could do within the framework of present technology to counter such a catastrophe.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The present technology that could counter such a catastrophic event includes the gravitational tractor method, kinetic impactors, nuclear devices, and laser ablation. The chosen method would depend on various factors such as the time we have before the impact, the size of the asteroid, and the material of the asteroid. It's extremely likely that multiple methods would be utilized also.

Step by step solution

Understand the threat

The first approach is to understand the threat, the object similar to 1994 XM1. This asteroid is approximately 1 km in diameter. An impact by an object of this size could cause significant damage and loss of life, depending on where it hit.

Review current technologies

Second, review currently available technologies that might be used to divert the asteroid. These could include: gravitational tractor method, kinetic impactors, nuclear devices, and laser ablation.

Gravitational tractor

The gravitational tractor method involves sending a spacecraft to fly alongside the asteroid for a long period of time (years to decades). The slight gravitational attraction between the two could slowly alter the asteroid's course.

Kinetic impactors

The kinetic impactor method involves striking the asteroid with a high-speed spacecraft to change its momentum and therefore its trajectory. This method is most effective used far in advance of the potential impact.

Nuclear devices

Nuclear devices are the most powerful, but also the most controversial due to the risk of fragmenting the asteroid. The explosion doesn't directly push the asteroid off its course, instead, it heats up the surface and causes material to be expelled, exerting a thrust that changes its trajectory.

Laser ablation

Laser ablation involves directing a high-powered laser at the surface of the asteroid, causing material to be expelled and producing a propulsive effect. This requires a powerful and well-aimed laser, and the effects can be difficult to predict.

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Suppose astronomers discover that a near-Earth object the size of 1994 XM1 is on collision course with Earth. Describe what humanity could do within the framework of present technology to counter such a catastrophe.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understand the threat

Review current technologies

Gravitational tractor

Kinetic impactors

Nuclear devices

Laser ablation

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