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Chapter 5: Problem 21

Why do different elements display different patterns of lines in their spectra?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Different elements display different patterns of spectral lines because of their unique atomic structure. Each element has a unique arrangement of electrons in energy levels, leading to specific patterns of energy absorption and emission, which in turn create distinct spectra.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Atomic Structure

Each element is made up of atoms. These atoms have a nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, with electrons circling around it in defined energy levels or shells. The energy levels of the electrons in an atom are distinct, and specific to each element.
02

The Role of Energy Levels (Bohr's Theory)

Niels Bohr's theory explains that an electron in an atom can jump from a lower energy level to a higher energy level when energy is absorbed. When the electron returns to its original energy level, energy is emitted. This emission or absorption of energy is observed as light.
03

Light Emission and Spectra

Light is emitted when an electron drops from a higher energy level to a lower one. The energy difference between the two levels determines the energy, and hence the wavelength or color, of the emitted light. This gives rise to spectral lines.
04

Different Elements, Different Spectra

Each element has a unique number of electrons, and a unique arrangement of energy levels. As a result, each element has a unique pattern of spectral lines. This difference in atomic structure leads to different patterns of lines in their spectra.

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