Use the Starry Night Enthusiast \({ }^{\mathrm{TM}}\) program to examine some distant celestial objects. First display the entire celestial sphere (select Guides \(>\) Atlas in the Favourites menu) and ensure that deep space objects are displayed by opening View \(>\) Deep Space and clicking on Messier Objects and Bright NGC Objects. You can now search for objects (i), (ii), and (iii) listed below. Click the Find tab at the left of the main view window to open the Find pane, click on the magnifying glass icon at the left of the edit box at the top of the Find pane and select Search All from the menu, and then type the name of the object in the edit box followed by the Enter (Return) key. The object will be centered in the view. For each object, use the zoom controls at the right-hand end of the Toolbar (at the top of the main window) to adjust your view until you can see the object in detail. For each object, state whether it has a continuous spectrum, an absorption line spectrum, or an emission line spectrum, and explain your reasoning. (i) The Lagoon Nebula in Sagittarius. (Hint: See Figure 5-18.) (With a field of view of about \(6^{\circ} \times 4^{\circ}\), you can compare and contrast the appearance of the Lagoon Nebula with the Trifid Nebula just to the north of it.) (ii) M31, the great galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. (Hint: The light coming from this galaxy is the combined light of hundreds of billions of individual stars.) (ii) The Moon. (Hint: Recall from Section \(3-1\) that moonlight is simply reflected sunlight.)

Step by step solution

01

Use Starry Night Enthusiast

Open Starry Night Enthusiast. Display the entire celestial sphere by selecting Guides \(>\) Atlas in the Favourites menu. Ensure that deep space objects are displayed by opening View \(>\) Deep Space and clicking on Messier Objects and Bright NGC Objects.

02

Find and Examine Lagoon Nebula

Type 'Lagoon Nebula' in the Find pane. Use the zoom controls to adjust view and examine it in detail. The Lagoon Nebula would appear as an emission nebula. The bright, diffuse light it produces is indicative of an emission line spectrum.

03

Find and Examine M31

Type 'M31' or 'Andromeda' in the Find pane. Adjust view to examine the M31 galaxy. The light from the Andromeda galaxy is the combined light of billions of stars. These stars mostly have continuous or absorption spectra, formed by the elements in their atmospheres. Therefore, the overall spectrum would likely be similar to an absorption line spectrum.

04

Find and Examine the Moon

Type 'Moon' in the Find pane. Adjust your view to examine the moon. As moonlight is reflected sunlight, the spectrum observed would be an absorption line spectrum, as sunlight is a continuous spectrum with dark lines superimposed. These lines are formed due to the absorption of sunlight by elements present in the Moon's surface.

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