Chapter 8: Problem 2

The graphite in your pencil is a form of carbon. Where were these carbon atoms formed?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The carbon atoms in your pencil were formed inside stars through nuclear fusion, specifically during the fusion of helium atoms a process called stellar nucleosynthesis. When those stars died and exploded into supernovas, these carbon atoms were spread throughout the universe and ended up in objects on Earth, including the graphite in your pencil.

Step by step solution

Understand the Cosmic Origin of Carbon

Carbon is an element that cannot be created through simple biological processes. Instead, the formation of carbon occurs in a high-pressure, high-temperature environments of stars. This process is known as stellar nucleosynthesis.

Study Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Within a star, lighter atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei in a process known as nuclear fusion. This process releases a large amount of energy, which contributes to the star's brightness and heat. It is during the nuclear fusion of helium atoms that carbon is formed.

Recognize the Interstellar Distribution of Elements

When a star reaches the end of its life cycle, it can explode in a supernova, releasing elements such as carbon into the universe. This star dust can eventually condense and form new stars and planets, including our own Earth. Thus, the carbon found in your pencil was originally formed inside a star.

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The graphite in your pencil is a form of carbon. Where were these carbon atoms formed?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understand the Cosmic Origin of Carbon

Study Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Recognize the Interstellar Distribution of Elements

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