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Chapter 9: Problem 10

What are the different types of seismic waves? Why are seismic waves useful for probing the Earth's interior structure?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Seismic waves, namely P Waves, S Waves, and Surface Waves, are vital in probing Earth's interior structure. They move differently through various materials, and by studying the speed and path of these waves, we have deduced the layered structure of the Earth and certain properties of each layer, for instance, the Earth's outer core being liquid.

Step by step solution

01

Identify types of seismic waves

There are three primary types of seismic waves: P Waves (Primary Waves), S Waves (Secondary Waves), and Surface Waves. P Waves are compressional waves that move in an accordion-type motion, S Waves move in an up and down wave motion, and Surface Waves move in a rolling wave motion. These waves are triggered by earthquake activity and radiate outwards from the epicentre.
02

Describe the properties and behaviors of these types of waves

P Waves are the fastest waves and thus hit the recording stations first. They can travel through all types of materials - solids, liquids, and gases. S Waves are slower than P Waves and move only through solids, not liquids or gases. Surface Waves are the slowest of all seismic waves and cause most of the destruction during an earthquake.
03

Explain the use of seismic waves in probing Earth's interior structure

Seismic waves are a key tool for understanding the Earth's internal structure because they travel at different speeds through different materials. By studying the speed and direction of these waves, geologists can infer the types and structures of the materials through which they have passed. For example, because S Waves cannot pass through liquids, their absence in certain parts of the Earth indicates the presence of liquid, like the Earth's outer core.

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