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Chapter 9: Problem 7

How does solar energy help power the motion of water in the Earth's oceans?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Solar energy fuels the motion of water in Earth's oceans by creating temperature differences which lead to thermal circulation. Additionally, the sun's energy drives the water cycle, contributing to ocean surface currents. The wind, which is also powered by solar energy, enhances these currents.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Solar Energy

Solar energy is the heat and light radiated by the sun. This energy powers all life on Earth; in this context, it is the primary driver for the ocean's movement. The energy from the sun's rays warms the surface of the oceans.
02

Understanding Water Temperature and Density

When water gets heated, due to the solar energy, it expands and decreases in density, causing it to rise. On the contrary, colder water is denser and tends to sink.
03

Understanding Thermal Circulation

This difference in density caused by temperature variations results in a circulation called thermal circulation. Warmer, less dense water rises, and colder, denser water sinks. This circulation causes a continuous movement of water in the oceans.
04

Understanding Water Cycle

Moreover, solar energy contributes to the water cycle by evaporating water from the oceans into the atmosphere. The evaporated water falls back to the ocean as rain, creating surface currents.
05

Understanding Wind-Driven Currents

These currents are enhanced by wind patterns, which are also driven by solar energy. The heated air rises, and cooler air flows in to replace it, creating wind. This wind blowing over the ocean surface creates friction, driving surface currents that further facilitate the movement of water.

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