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Chapter 9: Problem 9

How do we know that the Earth was once entirely molten?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Evidence that supports the idea that Earth was once entirely molten includes the differentiation of Earth into distinct layers, the presence of Earth's magnetic field which is generated in the liquid outer core, and the evidence from meteorites which are composed of minerals that form from molten rock.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Earth's Layered Structure

The Earth is composed of three major layers: The crust, the mantle, and the core. Each of these layers has distinct physical and chemical properties, indicating that they formed under different conditions.
02

Evidence from differentiation

Differentiation is a process by which a planet becomes internally zoned, with the heavy materials sinking toward the center and lighter materials accumulating at the surface. A planet that has undergone differentiation must have been heated to the point where it can flow and thus achieve this zoning. In Earth's case, this differentiation suggests that it must have been molten in its early history to permit this process.
03

Presence of the Magnetic Field

The existence of the Earth's magnetic field is also a crucial evidence. The geodynamo theory explains how motion within the Earth's liquid outer core, due to convective heat transfer and Earth's rotation, creates its magnetic field.
04

Evidence from Meteorites

Meteorites, being remnants from the early solar system, are primarily composed of minerals that can only form from molten rock. This suggests that Earth was molten as it shares common properties and same origin.

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