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Chapter 10: Problem 72
How many Gy of exposure is needed to give a cancerous tumor a dose of \(40 \mathrm{Sv}\) if it is exposed to \(\alpha\) activity?
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A rare decay mode has been observed in which \(^{222} \mathrm{Ra}\) emits a \(^{14} \mathrm{C}\) nucleus. (a) The decay equation is \(^{222} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow^{A} \mathrm{X}+^{14} \mathrm{C} .\) Identify the nuclide \(^{A} \mathrm{X} .\) (b) Find the energy emitted in the decay. The mass of \(222 \mathrm{Ra}\) is 222.015353 u.
A sample of radioactive material is obtained from a very old rock. A plot \(\ln A\) verses \(t\) yields a slope value of \(-10^{-9} \mathrm{s}^{-1}\) (see Figure \(10.10(\mathrm{b})\) ). What is the half-life of this material?
(a) Calculate the energy released in the \(\alpha\) decay of \(^{238} \mathrm{U} .\) (b) What fraction of the mass of a single \(^{238} \mathrm{U}\) is destroyed in the decay? The mass of \(^{234} \mathrm{Th}\) is 234.043593 u. (c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?
A sample of pure carbon- \(14\left(T_{1 / 2}=5730 \mathrm{y}\right)\) has an activity of \(1.0 \mu\) Ci. What is the mass of the sample?
Why does the fusion of light nuclei into heavier nuclei release energy?
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