Describe two pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang model.

One of the most compelling pieces of evidence for the Big Bang model is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Imagine the entire universe engulfed in a faint glow, almost undetectable, yet carrying the secrets of the early cosmos within its beams. This glow, which exists at microwave frequencies, is a remnant from the time when the universe was dense and incredibly hot. It's akin to an 'afterglow' left from the initial expansion of the universe, which has stretched out over the immense fabric of space-time to reach its current state.

Modern satellites such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the Planck spacecraft have mapped this radiation, revealing subtle fluctuations in temperature that correspond to regions of slightly different densities. These tiny temperature variations were the seeds of the large-scale structure of the universe, giving rise to galaxies and galactic clusters. The uniformity and structure of CMBR are persuasive evidence that the universe originated from a uniformly hot and dense state, supporting the Big Bang theory.

Delving deeper into the cosmos reveals another profound clue to the universe's beginnings: the redshift of light from distant galaxies. When we peep through our telescopes to observe the spectral lines of elements within distant galaxies, we find that they are shifted towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. This phenomenon, known as redshift, is akin to the acoustic Doppler effect—a change in frequency with the movement of the source, like the pitch of a passing ambulance siren.

Edwin Hubble's pioneering work in the early 20th century showed us that this redshift occurs in all directions, suggesting that all galaxies are moving away from us and from each other. The further away the galaxy, the greater the redshift. This discovery of universal redshift is a direct indicator of the universe's expansion, implying that space itself is stretching, causing light to stretch along with it. It is a cornerstone of cosmological evidence, underpinning the Big Bang model by demonstrating that the universe has been growing since its fiery inception.

At the heart of the Big Bang model is the concept of universe expansion. When we talk about the universe getting bigger, we're not referring to galaxies simply traveling through space; rather, it's the space between galaxies that is expanding. This understanding of expansion is fundamental, as it moves beyond the classical picture of objects moving within a static space.

Evidence such as the aforementioned redshift supports this expansion, but further backing comes from theoretical frameworks and observations of the cosmic structures throughout time. For instance, measurements of the rate of expansion, known as the Hubble constant, provide insight into the dynamics of the cosmos. Additionally, the growth of cosmic structures from initial densities in the CMBR underscores that the universe was once far more compact and has been stretching ever since. This concept of an evolving universe matches the predictions of the General Theory of Relativity and is a critical piece of the Big Bang puzzle.

Exploring the universe's early stages wouldn't be possible without our understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum. This spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, from high-energy gamma rays and X-rays to visible light, microwaves, and radio waves. Each type of radiation provides unique information about the cosmos.

The CMBR, for instance, lies in the microwave region of the spectrum and is detected using specialized instruments sensitive to this particular range. Similarly, studying the redshift in the spectra of galaxies relies on observing the specific wavelengths of light that have been stretched into longer, or redder, wavelengths by the expansion of the universe. Mastery of the electromagnetic spectrum enables astronomers to decipher the universe's history by analyzing light and radiation from celestial objects, no matter their distance or age. Comprehending this spectrum is essential for interpreting the phenomena that bolster the Big Bang theory.