A small cylinder of mass m can slide without friction on a shaft that is attached to a turntable, as shown in the figure. The shaft also passes through the coils of a spring with spring constant \(k\), which is attached to the turntable at one end, and to the cylinder at the other end. The equilibrium length of the spring (unstretched and uncompressed) matches the radius of the turntable; thus, when the turntable is not

When an object is moving in a circular path, it experiences a force directed towards the center of the circle, which is known as the centripetal force. This inward force is essential for any type of circular motion and always acts perpendicular to the object's motion, preventing it from flying outwards due to inertia.

In the context of our exercise, the centripetal force is what keeps the cylinder moving along with the turntable as it rotates. The formula for centripetal force is given by: \[\begin{equation}F_c = m\text{\(\omega^2\)}r\text{\(\end{equation}\]\)} where \(m\) is the mass of the cylinder, \(\omega\) is the angular speed of the turntable, and \(r\) is the radius of the circle the cylinder moves on.

Understanding centripetal force is critical in various fields, such as designing roller coasters or calculating the orbits of planets and satellites. In this problem, harnessing the idea of centripetal force allows us to explore the balance of forces at play and the resulting movement of objects in rotational dynamics.

Hooke's Law is a principle that describes the behavior of springs and other elastic objects. It states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance. This is mathematically expressed as: \[\begin{equation}F_s = kx\text{\(\end{equation}\]\)}where \(F_s\) is the spring force, \(k\) is the spring constant (a measure of the spring's stiffness), and \(x\) is the displacement from the spring's equilibrium position.

In our exercise, Hooke's Law is applied to determine the restoring force exerted by the spring when the cylinder is displaced by a distance \(r_e\) from its equilibrium position. The force exerted by the spring opposes the centripetal force, illustrating an equilibrium condition in rotational systems. By understanding Hooke's Law, students can solve for the extension or compression of springs in various physical contexts, from simple pendulums to complex engineering systems.

The concept of angular speed is fundamental in rotational dynamics. It is defined as the rate at which an object rotates or revolves around a fixed axis, measured in radians per second. For an object moving in a circular path, angular speed can be thought of as how quickly it is moving around the circle.

In symbols, angular speed is represented by \(\omega\) and is a crucial element in the equations for centripetal force. High angular speeds result in greater centripetal forces, which has implications for the integrity of rotating systems, including engines, turbines, and even carnival rides.

In the exercise presented, angular speed determines the magnitude of the centripetal force that, in turn, affects the extent to which the spring is stretched according to Hooke's Law. Therefore, being conversant with angular speed enables one to predict and calculate the behavior of objects in circular motion, bridging the gap between theoretical physics and practical applications.