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Chapter 18: Problem 6
In which type of process is no work done on a gas? a) isothermal b) isochoric c) isobaric d) none of the above
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A thermal window consists of two panes of glass separated by an air gap. Each pane of glass is \(3.00 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick, and the air gap is \(1.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) thick. Window glass has a thermal conductivity of \(1.00 \mathrm{~W} /(\mathrm{m} \mathrm{K})\), and air has a thermal conductivity of \(0.0260 \mathrm{~W} /(\mathrm{m} \mathrm{K})\). Suppose a thermal window separates a room at temperature \(20.00{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) from the outside at \(0.00^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). a) What is the temperature at each of the four air-glass interfaces? b) At what rate is heat lost from the room, per square meter of window? c) Suppose the window had no air gap but consisted of a single layer of glass \(6.00 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick. What would the rate of heat loss per square meter be then, under the same temperature conditions? d) Heat conduction through the thermal window could be reduced essentially to zero by evacuating the space between the glass panes. Why is this not done?
An aluminum block of mass \(M_{\mathrm{Al}}=2.0 \mathrm{~kg}\) and specific heat \(C_{\mathrm{Al}}=910 \mathrm{~J} /(\mathrm{kg} \mathrm{K})\) is at an initial temperature of \(1000{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and is dropped into a bucket of water. The water has mass \(M_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=12 \mathrm{~kg}\) and specific heat \(C_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}=4190 \mathrm{~J} /(\mathrm{kg} \mathrm{K})\) and is at room temperature \(\left(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) .\) What is the approximate final temperature of the system when it reaches thermal equilibrium? (Neglect heat loss out of the system.) a) \(50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b) \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) c) \(70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) d) \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)
Which of the following statements is (are) true? a) When a system does work, its internal energy always decreases. b) Work done on a system always decreases its internal energy. c) When a system does work on its surroundings, the sign of the work is always positive. d) Positive work done on a system is always equal to the system's gain in internal energy. e) If you push on the piston of a gas-filled cylinder, the energy of the gas in the cylinder will increase.
Assuming the severity of a burn increases as the amount of energy put into the skin increases, which of the following would cause the most severe burn (assume equal masses)? a) water at \(90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b) copper at \(110^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) c) steam at \(180^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) d) aluminum at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) e) lead at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)
A cryogenic storage container holds liquid helium, which boils at \(4.2 \mathrm{~K}\). Suppose a student painted the outer shell of the container black, turning it into a pseudoblackbody, and that the shell has an effective area of \(0.50 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\) and is at \(3.0 \cdot 10^{2} \mathrm{~K}\). a) Determine the rate of heat loss due to radiation. b) What is the rate at which the volume of the liquid helium in the container decreases as a result of boiling off? The latent heat of vaporization of liquid helium is \(20.9 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} .\) The density of liquid helium is \(0.125 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{L}\).
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