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Chapter 20: Problem 19

The temperature at the cloud tops of Saturn is approximately 50. K. The atmosphere of Saturn produces tremendous winds; wind speeds of \(600 . \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}\) have been inferred from spacecraft measurements. Can the wind chill factor on Saturn produce a temperature at (or below) absolute zero? How, or why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: No, the wind chill factor on Saturn cannot make the temperature reach absolute zero, as wind chill only affects the perceived temperature experienced by living organisms exposed to such conditions and does not change the actual atmospheric temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Wind Chill

Wind chill is the perceived decrease in air temperature caused by the cold wind blowing on a body. It is a measure of how cold the wind can make someone feel under certain conditions. The concept of wind chill applies only to animals and humans, as it measures heat loss from exposed skin due to wind and cold. However, it does not affect the actual atmospheric temperature.
02

Temperature Reduction due to Wind Chill

The wind chill formula calculates the "felt" temperature resulting from the heat loss, not the temperature reduction. It means the temperature in Saturn's atmosphere remains the 50 K, no matter how strong the winds are.
03

Can Wind Chill Make the Temperature Reach Absolute Zero?

As mentioned earlier, wind chill is not an actual decrease in temperature, but rather an interpretation of how the cold wind feels on the exposed skin of humans and animals. This means that wind chill cannot make the temperature of Saturn's atmosphere reach absolute zero.
04

Conclusion

Based on the understanding of wind chill and its effects, it is not possible for the wind chill factor on Saturn to produce a temperature at (or below) absolute zero. The actual temperature in Saturn's atmosphere remains unchanged regardless of the wind speeds, and wind chill only affects the perceived temperature experienced by living organisms exposed to such conditions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

One of your friends begins to talk about how unfortunate the Second Law of Thermodynamics is, how sad it is that entropy must always increase, leading to the irreversible degradation of useful energy into heat and the decay of all things. Is there any counterargument you could give that would suggest that the Second Law is in fact a blessing?

A heat engine consists of a heat source that causes a monatomic gas to expand, pushing against a piston, thereby doing work. The gas begins at a pressure of \(300 . \mathrm{kPa}\), a volume of \(150 . \mathrm{cm}^{3}\), and room temperature, \(20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). On reaching a volume of \(450 . \mathrm{cm}^{3}\), the piston is locked in place, and the heat source is removed. At this point, the gas cools back to room temperature. Finally, the piston is unlocked and used to isothermally compress the gas back to its initial state. a) Sketch the cycle on a \(p V\) -diagram. b) Determine the work done on the gas and the heat flow out of the gas in each part of the cycle. c) Using the results of part (b), determine the efficiency of the engine.

With each cycle, a 2500.-W engine extracts 2100. J from a thermal reservoir at \(90.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and expels \(1500 .\) J into a thermal reservoir at \(20.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the work done for each cycle? What is the engine's efficiency? How much time does each cycle take?

An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable piston at the top. The walls of the cylinder are insulated, so no heat can enter or exit. The gas initially occupies volume \(V_{1}\) and has pressure \(p_{1}\) and temperature \(T_{1}\). The piston is then moved very rapidly to a volume of \(V_{2}=3 V_{1}\). The process happens so rapidly that the enclosed gas does not do any work. Find \(p_{2}, T_{2},\) and the change in entropy of the gas.

If liquid nitrogen is boiled slowly-that is, reversiblyto transform it into nitrogen gas at a pressure \(P=100.0 \mathrm{kPa}\), its entropy increases by \(\Delta S=72.1 \mathrm{~J} /(\mathrm{mol} \mathrm{K}) .\) The latent heat of vaporization of nitrogen at its boiling temperature at this pressure is \(L_{\text {vap }}=5.568 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Using these data, calculate the boiling temperature of nitrogen at this pressure.
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