.An industrial carbon dioxide laser produces a beam of radiation with average power of \(6.00 \mathrm{~kW}\) at a wavelength of \(10.6 \mu \mathrm{m}\). Such a laser can be used to cut steel up to \(25 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick. The laser light is polarized in the \(x\) -direction, travels in the positive \(z\) -direction, and is collimated (neither diverging or converging) at a constant diameter of \(100.0 \mu \mathrm{m} .\) Write the equations for the laser light's electric and magnetic fields as a function of time and of position \(z\) along the beam. Recall that \(\vec{E}\) and \(\vec{B}\) are vectors. Leave the overall phase unspecified, but be sure to check the relative phase between \(\vec{E}\) and \(\vec{B}\) .

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Determine the equations for the electric and magnetic fields of an industrial carbon dioxide laser beam as a function of time and position \(z\) along the beam, given the laser's average power is \(6.00 \mathrm{~kW}\), the beam diameter is \(100.0 \mu \mathrm{m}\), and the wavelength of the light produced by the laser is \(10.6 \mu \mathrm{m}\). The electric field is polarized in the \(x\)-direction, and the magnetic field is polarized in the \(y\)-direction. Answer: The equations for the electric and magnetic fields of the industrial carbon dioxide laser as a function of time and position along the beam are: \(\vec{E}(z, t) = E_0 \cos{(kz - \omega t)} \hat{x}\) \(\vec{B}(z, t) = B_0 \cos{(kz - \omega t)} \hat{y}\) where \(E_0\) represents the electric field amplitude, \(B_0\) represents the magnetic field amplitude, \(k\) is the wave number, \(\omega\) is the angular frequency, and \(\hat{x}\) and \(\hat{y}\) are unit vectors in the \(x\) and \(y\) directions, respectively.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the laser beam intensity

We can start by calculating the intensity (power per unit area) of the laser beam. The average power of the laser is given by \(P = 6.00 \mathrm{~kW}\) and the diameter of the beam is given by \(d = 100.0 \mu \mathrm{m}\). First, calculate the beam's cross-sectional area, then divide the power by the area to get the intensity. The area of the laser beam: \(A = \dfrac{\pi d^2}{4}\) Intensity: \(I = \dfrac{P}{A}\)
02

Calculate the amplitude of the electric field

Now we can use the intensity to calculate the amplitude of the electric field. The intensity is related to the electric field amplitude \(E_0\) and the speed of light \(c\) by the following formula: \(I = \dfrac{c \varepsilon_0 E_0^2}{2}\) where \(\varepsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space. We can rearrange the formula to solve for the electric field amplitude: \(E_0 = \sqrt{\dfrac{2I}{c \varepsilon_0}}\)
03

Calculate the amplitude of the magnetic field

Next, we can calculate the amplitude of the magnetic field using the relation between electric and magnetic fields in a plane wave: \(B_0 = \dfrac{E_0}{c}\)
04

Write the equations for the electric and magnetic fields

Now that we have the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields, we can write the equations for these fields as a function of time and position \(z\) along the beam. The electric field is polarized in the \(x\)-direction and propagates in the \(z\)-direction. The equation for the electric field: \(\vec{E}(z, t) = E_0 \cos{(kz - \omega t)} \hat{x}\) The magnetic field is perpendicular to both the electric field and propagation direction, so it is polarized in the \(y\)-direction: \(\vec{B}(z, t) = B_0 \cos{(kz - \omega t)} \hat{y}\) Here, \(k\) is the wave number, and \(\omega\) is the angular frequency. They can be written in terms of the given wavelength \(\lambda = 10.6 \mu \mathrm{m}\) and the speed of light: \(k = \dfrac{2\pi}{\lambda}\) \(\omega = kc\) These equations describe the electric and magnetic fields of the industrial carbon dioxide laser as a function of time and position along the beam.

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