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Chapter 32: Problem 25
The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is \(-25 \mathrm{~cm} .\) What is its focal length?
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Standing by a pool filled with water, under what condition will you see a reflection of the scenery on the opposite side through total internal reflection of the light from the scenery? a) Your eyes are level with the water. b) You observe the pool at an angle of \(41.8^{\circ}\) c) Under no condition. d) You observe the pool at an angle of \(48.2^{\circ}\)
Convex mirrors are often used in side view mirrors on cars. Many such mirrors display the warning "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear." Assume a convex mirror has a radius of curvature of \(14.0 \mathrm{~m}\) and that there is a car that is \(11.0 \mathrm{~m}\) behind the mirror. For a flat mirror, the image distance would be \(11.0 \mathrm{~m}\) and the magnification would be 1\. Find the image distance and magnification for this mirror.
Among the instruments Apollo astronauts left on the Moon were reflectors used to bounce laser beams back to Earth. These made it possible to measure the distance from the Earth to the Moon with unprecedented precision (uncertainties of a few centimeters out of \(384,000 \mathrm{~km}\) ), for the study both of celestial mechanics and of plate tectonics on Earth. The reflectors consisted not of ordinary mirrors, but of arrays of corner cubes, each consisting of three square plane mirrors fixed perpendicular to each other, as adjacent faces of a cube. Why? Explain the function and advantages of this design.
Many fiber-optics devices have minimum specified bending angles. Why?
An optical fiber with an index of refraction of 1.5 is used to transport light of wavelength \(400 \mathrm{nm}\). What is the critical angle for light to transport through this fiber without loss? If the fiber is immersed in water? In oil?
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