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Chapter 39: Problem 9

Between neutron scattering and electromagnetic waves scattering (like X-rays or light), which of the two would be more appropriate for investigating the scattering cross section of the atom as a whole, and which would be more appropriate for investigating the nucleus of an atom? Which one will depend on \(Z\), the atomic number?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Electromagnetic wave scattering is more suitable for investigating the scattering cross section of the atom as a whole, while neutron scattering is more appropriate for investigating the nucleus of an atom specifically. The effectiveness of electromagnetic wave scattering techniques depends on the atomic number (Z), whereas neutron scattering does not depend on Z.

Step by step solution

01

Neutron Scattering vs. Electromagnetic Wave Scattering

Neutron scattering and electromagnetic wave scattering are two different processes that can be used to investigate the properties of atoms, such as their scattering cross sections. Neutron scattering uses neutrons (neutral particles) to probe the atomic structure, while electromagnetic wave scattering uses waves, such as X-rays or light, which interact with the charged components of the atom (i.e. electrons and the nucleus).
02

Scattering Cross Section of Atom as a Whole

When it comes to investigating the scattering cross section of the atom as a whole, electromagnetic waves scattering techniques are more appropriate. This is because electromagnetic waves, such as X-rays or light, interact with both the electrons and the nucleus, providing information about the overall atomic structure.
03

Investigating the Nucleus of an Atom

For investigating the nucleus of an atom specifically, neutron scattering is more appropriate. Since neutrons are neutral particles, they do not interact with the electron cloud of the atom, and thus can provide more accurate and specific information about the atomic nucleus.
04

Dependence on Atomic Number (Z)

The effectiveness of electromagnetic wave scattering techniques, like X-rays and light, depends on the atomic number (Z) of the sample. This is because the scattering cross section for electromagnetic waves is proportional to the square of the atomic number, as it is dependent on the number of electrons present in the atom. On the other hand, neutron scattering does not depend on Z, as neutrons specifically interact only with the nucleus of the atom without being affected by the electron distribution.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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