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Chapter 3: Q16E (page 641)
During an isothermal compression of an ideal gas, 410 J of heat must be removed from the gas to maintain constant temperature. How much work is done by the gas during the process?
The work done by an ideal gas is .
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If the pressure of an ideal monatomic gas is increased while the number of moles is kept constant, what happens to the average translational kinetic energy of one atom of the gas? Is it possible to change boththe volume and the pressure of an ideal gas and keep the average translational kinetic energy of the atoms constant? Explain.
If you heat the air inside a rigid, sealed container until its Kelvin temperature doubles, the air pressure in the container will also double. Is the same thing true if you double the Celsius temperature of the air in the container? Explain.
Like the Kelvin scale, the Rankinescaleis an absolute temperature scale: Absolute zero is zero degrees Rankine (0ºR). However, the units of this scale are the same size as those of the Fahrenheit scale rather than the Celsius scale. What is the numerical value of the triple-point temperature of water on the Rankine scale?
Question: If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30°C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical 70-kg person’s body produces energy at a rate of about 500W due to metabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilograms of water must the person’s body evaporate in an hour to get rid of this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is . (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished, or the person will dehydrate. How many 750-mL bottles of water must the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall that the mass of a litre of water is 1.0 kg.
A cylindrical tank has a tight-fitting piston that allows the volume of the tank to be changed. The tank originally contains 0.110 m3of air at a pressure of 0.355 atm. The piston is slowly pulled out until the volume of the gas is increased to 0.390 m3. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final value of the pressure?
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