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Chapter 3: Q17E (page 610)
With the assumptions of Example 18.4 (Section 18.1), at what elevation above sea level is air pressure 90% of the pressure at sea level?
844m above sea level is air pressure 90% of the pressure at sea level.
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In deriving the ideal-gas equation from the kinetic molecular model, we ignored potential energy due to the earth’s gravity. Is this omission justified? Why or why not?
Imagine a special air filter placed in a window of a house. The tiny holes in the filter allow only air molecules moving faster than a certain speed to exit the house, and allow only air molecules moving slower than that speed to enter the house from outside. What effect would this filter have on the temperature inside the house? (It turns out that the second law of thermodynamics—which we will discuss in Chapter 20—tells us that such a wonderful air filter would be impossible to make.)
It is well known that a potato bakes faster if a large nail is suck through it .Why? Does an Aluminium nail work better than a steel one? Why or why not? There is also a gadget on the market to hasten the roasting meat; it consists of a hollow metal tube containing a wick and some water. This is claimed to work much better than a solid metal rod. How does it work?
If the root-mean-square speed of the atoms of an ideal gas is to be doubled, by what factor must the Kelvin temperature of the gas be increased? Explain.
The prevailing winds on the Hawaiian island of Kauai blow from the northeast. The winds cool as they go up the slope of Mt. Waialeale (elevation 1523 m), causing water vapor to condense and rain to fall. There is much more precipitation at the summit than at the base of the mountain. In fact, Mt. Waialeale is the rainiest spot on earth, averaging 11.7 m of rainfall a year. But what makes the winds cool?
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