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Chapter 3: Q18E (page 611)
With the assumption that the air temperature is a uniform 0.0°C, what is the density of the air at an altitude of 1.00 km as a percentage of the density at the surface?
The density of the air at an altitude of 1.00 km as a percentage of the density at the surface is
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When a car is driven some distance, the air pressure in the tires increases. Why? Should you let out some air to reduce the pressure? Why or why not?
Question: If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30°C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical 70-kg person’s body produces energy at a rate of about 500W due to metabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilograms of water must the person’s body evaporate in an hour to get rid of this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is . (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished, or the person will dehydrate. How many 750-mL bottles of water must the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall that the mass of a litre of water is 1.0 kg.
Two bodies made of the same material have the same external dimensions and appearance, but one is solid and the other is hollow. When their temperature is increased, is the overall volume expansion the same or different? Why?
Use the concepts of the kinetic-molecular model to explain: (a) why the pressure of a gas in a rigid container increases as heat is added to the gas and (b) why the pressure of a gas increases as we compress it, even if we do not change its temperature.
Q18.25: The atmosphere of the planet Mars is 95.3% carbon dioxideand about 0.03% water vapor. The atmospheric pressure is only about 600 Pa, and the surface temperature varies from -30 °C to -100 °C. The polar ice caps contain bothice and water ice. Could there be liquidon the surface of Mars? Could there be liquid water? Why or why not?
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