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Chapter 3: Q1DQ (page 573)
Explain why it would not make sense to use a full-size glass thermometer to measure the temperature of a thimbleful of hot water.
A full glass thermometer would absorb a large amount of heat from the water decreasing the real temperature of the water, which leads to a wrong read.
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It is not correct to say that a body contains a certain amount of heat, yet a body can transfer heat to another body. How can a body give away something it does not have in the first place?
The efficiency of heat engines is high when the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs is large. Refrigerators, on the other hand, work better when the temperature difference is small. Thinking of the mechanical refrigeration cycle shown in Fig. 20.9, explain in physical terms why it takes less work to remove heat from the working substance if the two reservoirs (the inside of the refrigerator and the outside air) are at nearly the same temperature, than if the outside air is much warmer than the interior of the refrigerator.
A cylindrical tank has a tight-fitting piston that allows the volume of the tank to be changed. The tank originally contains 0.110 m3of air at a pressure of 0.355 atm. The piston is slowly pulled out until the volume of the gas is increased to 0.390 m3. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final value of the pressure?
Question: If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30°C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical 70-kg person’s body produces energy at a rate of about 500W due to metabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilograms of water must the person’s body evaporate in an hour to get rid of this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is . (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished, or the person will dehydrate. How many 750-mL bottles of water must the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall that the mass of a litre of water is 1.0 kg.
The kinetic-molecular model contains a hidden assumption about the temperature of the container walls. What is this assumption? What would happen if this assumption were not valid?
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