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Chapter 3: Q22E (page 611)
A large organic molecule has a mass of . What is the molar mass of this compound?
The Molar Mass of the compound is
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You hold an inflated balloon over a hot-air vent in your house and watch it slowly expand. You then remove it and let it cool back to room temperature. During the expansion, which was larger: the heat added to the balloon or the work done by the air inside it? Explain. (Assume that air is an ideal gas.) Once the balloon has returned to room temperature, how does the net heat gained or lost by the air inside it compare to the net work done on or by the surrounding air?
Question: If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30°C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical 70-kg person’s body produces energy at a rate of about 500W due to metabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilograms of water must the person’s body evaporate in an hour to get rid of this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is . (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished, or the person will dehydrate. How many 750-mL bottles of water must the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall that the mass of a litre of water is 1.0 kg.
The proportions of various gases in the earth’s atmosphere change somewhat with altitude. Would you expect the proportion of oxygen at high altitude to be greater or less than at sea level compared to the proportion of nitrogen? Why?
In which situation must you do more work: inflating a balloon at sea level or inflating the same balloon to the same volume at the summit of Mt. McKinley? Explain in terms of pressure and volume change.
When a gas surrounded by air is compressed adiabatically, its temperature rises even though there is no heat input to the gas. Where does the energy come from to raise the temperature?
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