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Chapter 3: Q26DQ (page 574)
Some folks claim that ice cubes freeze faster if the trays are filled with hot water, because hot water cools off faster than cold water . What do you think?
Yes, the claim is true. A larger temperature difference means faster heat transfer.
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You hold an inflated balloon over a hot-air vent in your house and watch it slowly expand. You then remove it and let it cool back to room temperature. During the expansion, which was larger: the heat added to the balloon or the work done by the air inside it? Explain. (Assume that air is an ideal gas.) Once the balloon has returned to room temperature, how does the net heat gained or lost by the air inside it compare to the net work done on or by the surrounding air?
Two bodies made of the same material have the same external dimensions and appearance, but one is solid and the other is hollow. When their temperature is increased, is the overall volume expansion the same or different? Why?
We’re lucky that the earth isn’t in thermal equilibrium with the sun (which has a surface temperature of .But why aren’t the two bodies in thermal equilibrium?
Does a refrigerator full of food consume more power if the room temperature is than if it is? Or is the power consumption the same? Explain your reasoning.
Imagine a special air filter placed in a window of a house. The tiny holes in the filter allow only air molecules moving faster than a certain speed to exit the house, and allow only air molecules moving slower than that speed to enter the house from outside. What effect would this filter have on the temperature inside the house? (It turns out that the second law of thermodynamics—which we will discuss in Chapter 20—tells us that such a wonderful air filter would be impossible to make.)
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