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Chapter 16: Problem 1

You have to take an exam on the material in this chapter. Use this example to illustrate each of the following aspects of reciprocal determinism: (a) The environment influences behavior. (b) Behavior influences the environment. (c) Personal factors influence behavior. (d) Behavior influences personal factors. (e) Personal factors influence the environment. (f) The environment influences personal factors.

Short Answer

Expert verified
This analysis illustrates the aspects of reciprocal determinism in a high school exam scenario.

Step by step solution

01

Illustrate how the environment influences behavior

Consider the environment to be the day of the examination. Feeling the pressure and seriousness of the examination setting (silent room, watching invigilators, fellow students writing intensely), a student's behavior could be changed to become more concentrated and serious about the test.
02

Illustrate how behavior influences the environment

One student's behavior, such as asking for clarification on a question, may lead to a more informed and clarified environment for all present, as the teacher is compelled to provide additional explanation for everyone.
03

Illustrate how personal factors influence behavior

Personal factors such as a student's level of preparation, self-confidence, and stress resilience would significantly influence behavior. A well-prepared, self-confident student is likely to be calmer and write the exam in an organized manner.
04

Illustrate how behavior influences personal factors

If a student handles the exam effectively, it may lead to an increase in their self-confidence and reduce exam anxiety. On the other hand, if the student struggles, it might decrease self-confidence or increase stress levels.
05

Illustrate how personal factors influence the environment

A student's personal characteristics and demeanor may influence the environment. For example, a well-prepared and confident student might instill a sense of competition or drive in their peers.
06

Illustrate how the environment influences personal factors

A supportive and encouraging environment could boost a student's confidence and positively affect their performance while a stressful and fear-inducing surroundings may inhibit performance by increasing anxiety.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give an example to illustrate each of the following: (a) Observational learning is necessary because Skinnerian trial-and-error learning would be too dangerous. (b) Observational learning in the classroom. (c) Observational learning in sports. (d) How observational learning in our society leads to more violent behavior.

(a) Give an example to support Bandura's argument that self-reinforcement has a strong influence on behavior. (b) According to Bandura, self-standards are usually related to external standards. Is this wise, or should a person's self-standards be entirely independent of environmental influences?

A terrorist blows up a building in a hated foreign country. How might Bandura explain the terrorist's behavior?

Unlike Skinner, Bandura argues that cognitions are valid causes of behavior. Give an example to illustrate each of the following: (a) Thinking about an event in different ways can cause different behaviors. (b) Thoughts alone can cause a person to become angry or depressed.
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