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Chapter 16: Problem 1

You have to take an exam on the material in this chapter. Use this example to illustrate each of the following aspects of reciprocal determinism: (a) The environment influences behavior. (b) Behavior influences the environment. (c) Personal factors influence behavior, (d) Behavior influences personal factors. (e) Personal factors influence the environment. (f) The environment influences personal factors.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the context of an upcoming exam, reciprocal determinism could manifest as: (a) A conducive study environment enhances focused behavior. (b) Diligent studying behavior can create a studious environment. (c) Personal factors like motivation and confidence influence study behavior. (d) Studying behavior boosts self-confidence and motivation. (e) A motivated student creates a better study environment. (f) A good study environment improves personal factors like focus and stress management.

Step by step solution

01

Illustrating Aspect (a) - The environment influences behavior

For instance, studying in a quiet library can encourage focused behavior and enhance the student's concentration.
02

Illustrating Aspect (b) - Behavior influences the environment

Let's say, if the student continuously studies, they might establish an environment that encourages others to study too or they may modify their environment to better suit their studying habits, like organizing their desk in a way that eliminates distraction.
03

Illustrating Aspect (c) - Personal factors influence behavior

Personal factors such as motivation, self-confidence, and resilience can influence the student's behavior. For instance, a motivated student will invest a larger amount of time studying and preparing for the exam.
04

Illustrating Aspect (d) - Behavior influences personal factors

Behaving diligently in studying can motivate the student and boost their self-confidence, as they see their preparation paying off.
05

Illustrating Aspect (e) - Personal factors influence the environment

If the student is highly motivated and disciplined, they might create an environment conducive to study such as organizing a dedicated study space or setting rules for no distractions.
06

Illustrating Aspect (f) - The environment influences personal factors

A peaceful, quiet study environment can increase the student's focus and decrease their stress or anxiety levels, thereby impacting personal factors like mental wellbeing.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give an example to illustrate each of the following: (a) Observational learning is necessary because Skinnerian trial-and-error learning would be too dangerous. (b) Observational learning in the classroom. (c) Observational learning in sports. (d) How observational learning in our society leads to more violent behavior.

A terrorist blows up a building in a hated foreign country. How might Bandura explain the terrorist's behavior?

Unlike Skinner, Bandura argues that cognitions are valid causes of behavior. Give an example to illustrate each of the following: (a) Thinking about an event in different ways can cause different behaviors. (b) Thoughts alone can cause a person to become angry or depressed.

(a) Give an example to support Bandura's argument that self-reinforcement has a strong influence on behavior. (b) According to Bandura, self-standards are usually related to external standards. Is this wise, or should a person's self-standards be entirely independent of environmental influences?
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