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Chapter 2: Problem 11

By today's standards, Freud's views of women were clearly biased. To what extent (if any) should criticism of Freud take into account the era in which he lived?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, Freud's views should be analyzed in context of the era. However, this doesn't absolve him of sexism in his theories. The critique should come from understanding his theories' influence on psychology and societal norms, and the harmful effects they may have had on discourse surrounding female psychology and societal role.

Step by step solution

01

Define Freud's Views

Freud's theories have often been criticized for their perceived sexism. For example, he suggested that women suffered from 'penis envy', a theory that has been widely discredited. List and briefly explain similar views that he held
02

Discuss Societal Context

It is essential to consider the societal context in which Freud lived and worked. During Freud's lifetime (1856-1939), women's rights and roles were drastically different from what they are today, and this is likely to have influenced his views. Provide an overview of the societal norms and views on women during Freud's era. Discuss how these societal norms have evolved over time.
03

Formulate Your Argument

Answering the main question of this exercise requires forming an argument. Consider and evaluate whether Freud's views should be criticized given the time he lived in or if those views are inherently flawed irrespective of the social norms at that time. A nuanced answer could also argue that while the societal context should be considered, it does not completely absolve Freud of criticism.
04

Conclusion

Summarize the main points that have been made and clearly state your stance on whether or not critiques of Freud should factor in the era in which he lived. Elaborate on the reasoning behind your stance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following quotes from Chapter \(1:(a)\) "Psychoanalysis is a method of research, an impartial instrument, like the infinitesimal calculus." Do you agree? Why or why not? (b) "[Mental patients] have turned away from external reality, but for that very reason they know more about internal, psychical reality and can reveal a number of things to us that would otherwise be inaccessible to us." Do you agree that studies of mental patients can provide important information about personality in general? Why or why not?

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