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Chapter 5: Problem 3

Vibrio cholerae (shown below) are highly pathogenic bacteria that are associated with severe gastrointestinal illness and are the causative agent of cholera. In extreme cases, antibiotics are prescribed that target bacterial structures that are absent in animal cells. Which of the following structures is most likely targeted by antibiotic treatment? (A) Cytoplasm (B) Plasma membrane (C) Ribosomes (D) Cell wall

Short Answer

Expert verified
The most likely target of antibiotic treatment among the given options is (D) Cell wall, as it is exclusive to bacterial cells and not present in animal cells.

Step by step solution

01

Rule out structures present in both bacterial and animal cells

To determine the correct answer, we can begin by ruling out structures that are common to both bacterial and animal cells. Since antibiotics aim to target bacterial structures that are absent or significantly different in animal cells, this will help us narrow down the options. Cytoplasm, Plasma membrane, and Ribosomes are present in both bacterial and animal cells.
02

Identify the structures exclusive to bacterial cells

From the remaining option, we can focus on the one that is more specific to bacterial cells. The bacterial cell wall is a structure that is exclusive to bacterial cells. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.
03

Select the bacterial structure most likely targeted by antibiotic treatment

Given that the antibiotic treatment aims to target structures unique to bacteria without affecting animal cells, the most likely target among the given options would be: (D) Cell wall, as it is exclusive to bacterial cells and not present in animal cells.

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