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Chapter 14: Problem 11

List factors that influence the choice of a career in early adulthood. A model developed by Ginzberg suggests that people typically move through three stages in choosing a career: the fantasy period of youth, the tentative period of adolescence, and the realistic period of young adulthood. Other approaches, such as that of Holland, attempt to match people's personality types with suitable careers. This sort of research underlies most career- related inventories and measures used in career counseling.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Factors influencing the choice of a career in early adulthood include the realistic considerations about personal interests, abilities, educational qualifications, and socio-economic circumstances. Other factors include innate attributes and preferences according to Holland's theory. Finally, career-related inventories and measures can also influence career choices by assessing personal attributes and suggesting appropriate careers.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Stages of Choosing a Career

The first step is to understand the model developed by Ginzberg which outlines three stages in career choice: the fantasy period (youth), the tentative period (adolescence), and the realistic period (early adulthood). In each stage, different factors influence an individual's career decision.
02

Understand the Fantasy Period of Youth

During the fantasy period, career choices are influenced by fantasies and idealized roles. This might include careers seen in media, or jobs held by parents or other admired adults.
03

Explore the Tentative Period of Adolescence

In the tentative period, individuals begin to consider their interests and abilities, and how these relate to different career options. Adolescents begin to explore different career options, though these choices may still be driven more by curiosity and exploration than concrete planning.
04

Analyze the Realistic Period of Young Adulthood

In the realistic period, individuals develop practical considerations about career, taking into account personal interests, abilities, educational qualifications, and socio-economic circumstances. They start to narrow down their options and make decisions about particular fields or positions.
05

Holland's Theory

Next is understanding Holland's theory, which suggests matching people's personality types with suitable careers. Here, a person's innate attributes and preferences play a significant role in determining the choice of career.
06

Career-related Inventories and Measures

Lastly, various career-related inventories and measures are used in career counseling which are based on the research. These measures assess an individual's interests, abilities and personality attributes, and suggest suitable career options accordingly.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ginzberg's Career Choice Model
When navigating the journey to a fulfilling career, one foundational theory is Ginzberg's career choice model. According to Ginzberg, individuals typically go through three distinct stages.

  • Fantasy Stage: During childhood, often up to age 11, career choices are based on whims and attractions rather than realistic assessments. Children may dream of being astronauts or pop stars, influenced by their environment and the media.
  • Tentative Stage: This stage occurs during adolescence. Choices start to reflect personal interests and perceived abilities but still have a degree of flexibility.
  • Realistic Stage: In young adulthood, career choices become more practical and focused, taking into account personal skills and the realities of the job market.
Improving on the current understanding of this model means looking beyond the stages to consider the psychological, social, and economic factors that refine an individual's career path over time.
Holland's Theory of Career Selection
Holland's theory of career selection adds another dimension to understanding how people choose their career paths by linking personality types to compatible work environments. This theory proposes six personality and work environment categories:

  • Realistic: Preferring hands-on tasks and tangible results.
  • Investigative: Enjoying analysis and problem-solving.
  • Artistic: Valuing creativity and self-expression.
  • Social: Seeking work that involves helping others.
  • Enterprising: Being drawn to leadership and management roles.
  • Conventional: Preferring structured tasks and order.
Individuals are most satisfied and productive when their job matches their personal orientation. This theory often guides career counseling professionals when helping individuals choose or change their careers.
Career Counseling
Career counseling is a vital service that helps people make informed choices about their educational and occupational paths. Professionals in this field utilize a variety of tools and theories, including Holland's and Ginzberg's, to provide guidance.

They harness career-related inventories and measures that assess interests, skills, and personality. These tools can offer personalized recommendations and insights. Emphasizing the importance of career counseling suggests that while theoretical models provide a framework, individualized guidance can significantly enhance the decision-making process.
Early Adulthood Career Development
Career development in early adulthood is marked by practical application and refinement of choices as individuals enter the workforce. This stage involves establishing oneself in a chosen field, and possibly gaining additional education and training.

During this period, real-life experiences contribute to ongoing career development. Individuals become more aware of what they want from their careers and what they are willing to offer in return. This developmental phase requires balancing personal goals with professional opportunities and market demands, a challenge that is often expertly navigated with the help of career counseling.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain why people work and what elements of a job bring satisfaction. People are motivated to work by both extrinsic factors, such as the need for money and prestige, and intrinsic factors,such as the enjoyment of work and its personal importance. Work helps determine a person's identity, social life, and status. Job satisfaction is the result of many factors, including the nature and status of one's job, the amount of input one has into its nature, the variety of one's responsibilities, and the influence one has over others.

Explain how young adults respond to the need for intimacy and friendship and how liking turns to loving. Young adults face Erikson's intimacy-versus-isolation stage, with those who resolve this conflict being able to develop intimate relationships with others.

Describe how gender affects work choices and the work environment. Gender-role prejudice and stereotyping remain a problem in the workplace and in preparing for and selecting careers. Women tend to be pressured into certain occupations and out of others, and they earn less money for the same work.

Describe how the arrival of children affects a relationship in early adulthood. More than 90 percent of married couples have at least one child, but the size of the average family has decreased, due partly to birth control and partly to the changing roles of women in the workforce. Children bring pressures to any marriage, shifting the focus of the marriage partners, changing their roles, and increasing their responsibilities.

Describe the sorts of relationships people enter into in early adulthood and what makes these relationships work or cease to work. In young adulthood, while cohabitation is popular, marriage remains the most attractive option. The median age of first marriage is rising for both men and women. Partners in successful marriages visibly show affection to one another, communicate relatively little negativity, and see themselves as part of an interdependent couple rather than as one of two independent individuals. Divorce is prevalent in the United States, affecting nearly half of all marriages.
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