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Chapter 16: Problem 2

Match the type of operant learning with its definition: 1\. An unpleasant stimulus is a. positive reinforcement presented to decrease be- b. negative reinforcement havior. c. positive punishment 2\. An unpleasant stimulus is d. negative punishment removed to increase behavior. 3\. A pleasant stimulus is presented to increase behavior. 4\. A pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease behavior.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The matched pairs are: 1 with c, 2 with b, 3 with a, 4 with d. So, the final pairs are: 1.c, 2.b, 3.a, 4.d.

Step by step solution

01

Matching Concept 1

The first statement says 'an unpleasant stimulus is presented to decrease behavior'. This corresponds to positive punishment. Here, an 'unpleasant stimulus' is introduced to decrease or suppress the occurrence of a particular behavior.
02

Matching Concept 2

In the second statement, 'an unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase behavior', fits the definition of negative reinforcement. This is because an 'unpleasant stimulus' is removed to encourage or increase the likelihood of a certain behaviour.
03

Matching Concept 3

The third statement: 'a pleasant stimulus is presented to increase behavior', describes positive reinforcement. Here, a 'pleasant stimulus' is introduced to encourage or increase the occurrence of a certain behavior.
04

Matching Concept 4

Finally, in the fourth statement, 'a pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease behavior', fits the definition of negative punishment. Here, a 'pleasant stimulus' is taken away to discourage or suppress the occurrence of a particular behavior.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sandy had had a rough day, and his son's noisemaking was not helping him relax. Not wanting to resort to scolding, Sandy told his son in a serious manner that he was very tired and would like the boy to play quietly for an hour. This approach worked. For Sandy, the change in his son's behavior was a. positively reinforcing. b. negatively reinforcing.

Match the type of reinforcement schedule with its definition. 1\. Reinforcement occurs a. fixed-ratio after a set time period. b. variable-interval 2\. Reinforcement occurs c. fixed-interval after a set number of d. variable-ratio responses. 3\. Reinforcement occurs after a varying time period. 4\. Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses.

______________ conditioning describes learning that occurs as a result of reinforcement.
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