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Chapter 16: Problem 2

Match the type of operant learning with its definition: 1\. An unpleasant stimulus is presented to decrease behavior. 2 An unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase behavior. 3\. A pleasant stimulus is presented to increase behavior. 4\. A pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease behavior. a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Positive punishment d. Negative punishment

Short Answer

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1. c (Positive punishment), 2. b (Negative reinforcement), 3. a (Positive reinforcement), 4. d (Negative punishment)

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Terms

The terms are defined as follows based on the operant conditioning theory: - Positive reinforcement: It is a method where pleasant stimuli are introduced or added to increase a particular behavior.- Negative reinforcement: This is the removal of an unpleasant stimuli to increase a particular behavior.- Positive punishment: Involves the addition or presenting of an unpleasant stimuli to decrease a behavior.- Negative punishment: It involves the removal of pleasant stimuli to suppress or decrease a behavior.
02

Match the Definitions

Now, let's match the definitions to the appropriate terms: 1\. An unpleasant stimulus is presented to decrease behavior - This is 'Positive punishment' (c) because it introduces an unpleasant stimuli to lessen a behavior.2\. An unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase behavior - This is 'Negative reinforcement' (b) as we're removing an unpleasant stimuli to promote a behavior.3\. A pleasant stimulus is presented to increase behavior - This corresponds to 'Positive reinforcement' (a). We add a pleasant stimulus to improve a behavior.4\. A pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease behavior - This is 'Negative punishment' (d) where a pleasant stimulus is taken away to suppress a certain behavior.
03

Consolidate the Matches

So, after matching all definitions, we obtain the following result - 1. c2. b3. a4. d

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Most popular questions from this chapter

__________ conditioning describes learning that occurs as a result of reinforcement.

In a __________ reinforcement schedule, behavior is reinforced some of the time, whereas in a __________ reinforcement schedule, behavior is reinforced all the time.

Sandy had had a rough day, and his son's noicemaking was not helping him relax. Not wanting to resort to scolding, Sandy told his son in a serious manner that he was very tired and would like the boy to play quietly for an hour. This approach worked. For Sandy, the change in his son's behavior was A Positively reinforcing b. Negatively reinforcing

Match the type of reinforcement schedule with its definition. 1\. Reinforcement occurs after a set time period. 2\. Reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses. 3\. Reinforcement occurs after a varying time period. 4\. Reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses. a. Fixed-ratio b. Variable-interval c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio
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