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Chapter 14: Problem 6

What are the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? What are today's leading explanations for it? What are the current treatments for ADHD, and how effective are they? pp. 450-454

Short Answer

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ADHD is a condition characterized by symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Its causes include genetic, environmental, and neurological factors, including differences in brain structure/function and exposure to toxins. Treatments include medication, therapy, and training, which are often effective but require customization to the individual's specific symptoms and needs.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding ADHD and Its Symptoms

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, more commonly known as ADHD, is a mental health condition marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both that interferes with functioning or development. Symptoms might include: trouble focusing on tasks, making careless mistakes, becoming easily distracted, forgetfulness, inability to follow instructions, extreme restlessness, talking excessively or being unable to play quietly.
02

Leading Explanations for ADHD

While the exact causes of ADHD aren't fully understood yet, a mix of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors appear to be involved. This include genetics (it often runs in families), brain structure and function (certain regions may be smaller or function differently in people with ADHD), exposure to environmental toxins like lead, and during pregnancy, use of substances (like alcohol or tobacco) or infections may contribute to ADHD.
03

Current Treatments for ADHD and Their Effectiveness

Treatments for ADHD include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments. Medications like stimulants are often used to help the brain better regulate thinking and attention processes. Psychotherapy, like behavioral therapy, can help change behavior patterns. Education and ADHD training can help improve organizational skills for instance. These treatments are often effective, but effectiveness can vary from person to person, depending on the specific symptoms and co-occurring conditions, and requires personalized treatment plans.

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