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Chapter 4: Problem 3

For each description below, name the sleep disorder: insomnia, apnea, narcolepsy, or somnambulism. a. Despite feeling well rested, Marcus falls asleep suddenly while practicing piano. b. Emma walks through the living room in the middle of the night, seemingly oblivious to those around her. c. Sophia spends most of the night trying to fall asleep. d. Ivan's roommate regularly complains that Ivan's snoring wakes him multiple times throughout the night.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Narcolepsyb. Somnambulismc. Insomniad. Apnea

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the first description

Marcus falls asleep suddenly while practicing piano despite feeling well rested. This description fits narcolepsy, a condition characterized by sudden sleep attacks.
02

Analyze the second description

Emma walks through the living room in the middle of the night, seemingly oblivious to those around her. This behavior describes somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking.
03

Analyze the third description

Sophia spends most of the night trying to fall asleep, which is indicative of insomnia, a disorder where individuals have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.
04

Analyze the fourth description

Ivan's roommate regularly complains about Ivan's snoring that wakes him multiple times throughout the night. This is characteristic of sleep apnea, a condition where a person's breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder marked by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.
Despite feeling well-rested, individuals with narcolepsy can fall asleep without warning, like Marcus who fell asleep while practicing piano.
Key symptoms include excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (which is brief sudden loss of muscle control), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations.
Narcolepsy affects daily activities significantly and requires diagnosis and management from healthcare providers.
  • Common Symptoms: Sudden sleep attacks, daytime drowsiness, cataplexy.
  • Treatment: Medications to manage symptoms, good sleep hygiene.
Somnambulism
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, is a behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep and results in walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep.
Emma's nighttime wanderings are a classic example of somnambulism.
Those affected often have no memory of their actions.
It is more common in children but can also occur in adults.
Sleepwalking episodes can be unsettling and sometimes dangerous, causing concerns about the individual's safety.
  • Common Symptoms: Walking or performing activities while asleep, lack of awareness during episodes.
  • Treatment: Safety measures, addressing underlying sleep disorders, sometimes medication.
Insomnia
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that makes it hard to fall asleep, stay asleep, or causes you to wake up too early and not be able to go back to sleep.
Sophia's struggle to sleep through the night fits this description.
Insomnia can lead to fatigue, mood disturbance, and a lack of energy during the day.
It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and can be caused by stress, life events, or habits that disrupt sleep.
  • Common Symptoms: Difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, daytime sleepiness.
  • Treatment: Relaxation strategies, sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication.
Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
Ivan's frequent snoring and disrupted sleep are signs of sleep apnea.
There are two main types: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where throat muscles intermittently relax and block the airway, and central sleep apnea, where the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe.
It can lead to various health problems if untreated, including heart disease and high blood pressure.
  • Common Symptoms: Loud snoring, episodes of stopped breathing during sleep, sudden awakenings with a sensation of gasping or choking.
  • Treatment: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy, lifestyle changes, surgery.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following pieces of evidence suggest sleep is an adaptive behavior? Check all that apply. a. A few days of sleep deprivation do not impair physical strength. b. All animals sleep. c. It is impossible to resist indefinitely the urge to sleep. d. Sleep deprivation helps people feel less depressed. e. Animals die when deprived of sleep for extended periods.

What is a key distinction between a person in a persistent vegetative state and a person in a minimally conscious state? a. The person in the minimally conscious state is less responsive to her or his surroundings. b. The person in the minimally conscious state is more likely to regain full consciousness at some point in the future. c. The person in the minimally conscious state shows some degree of brain activity, whereas the person in the persistent vegetative state shows no brain activity. d. The person in the minimally conscious state is dreaming, whereas the person in the persistent vegetative state is in a coma.

A researcher asks study participants to play a word game in which they unscramble letters to form words. In Condition A, the unscrambled words are outgoing, talkative, and smile. In Condition B, the unscrambled words are standoffish, silent, and frown. After participants complete the word game, they meet and interact with a stranger. What do you predict participants' behavior during that interaction will reveal? a. Participants in Conditions A and B will behave nearly identically. b. Participants in Condition A will be more friendly toward the stranger than will participants in Condition B. c. Participants in Condition B will be more friendly toward the stranger than will participants in Condition A.

Which of the following instruction sets would a yoga teacher trained in concentrative meditation be most likely to give? a. "Close your eyes while sitting in a comfortable position. Let your thoughts move freely through your mind, like clouds passing through the sky. Acknowledge them, but do not react to them" b. "Lying on your back, rest your hands gently on your abdomen. As you breathe in and out, focus attention on your breath. Notice the rhythmic rise and fall of your abdomen and the slow, deep movement of your chest." c. "Standing in place, bend one knee and lift that leg. Grasp the foot and bring it back as far as possible. Focus all your attention on this action. Then lower the foot and repeat this action with the other knee, leg, and foot."

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