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Mobile App Chapter 7: Problem 2
Which of the following phenomena can lead to forgetting? Check all that are correct. a. shallow encoding b. elaborative encoding c. blocking d. proactive interference e. retronctive interference f. persistence g. suggestibility
Short Answer
Expert verified
a. shallow encoding, c. blocking, d. proactive interference, e. retroactive interference
Step by step solution
01
Understand the Phenomena
Review and understand each of the phenomena listed: shallow encoding, elaborative encoding, blocking, proactive interference, retroactive interference, persistence, and suggestibility. Determine which of these are commonly associated with forgetting.
02
Shallow Encoding
Shallow encoding refers to processing information on a superficial level, usually only memorizing certain aspects without understanding the deeper meaning. This often leads to forgetting as the information is not well retained.
03
Elaborative Encoding
Elaborative encoding involves deeply processing the meaning and associations of the information. This process enhances memory retention and typically does not lead to forgetting.
04
Blocking
Blocking is a phenomenon where a person is temporarily unable to retrieve information that they know. This can manifest as the 'tip-of-the-tongue' phenomenon and is a form of forgetting.
05
Proactive Interference
Proactive interference occurs when old information interferes with the ability to learn and remember new information. This can lead to forgetting of the new information.
06
Retroactive Interference
Retroactive interference happens when new information causes forgetting of old information. This interference makes it difficult to recall previously learned information.
07
Persistence
Persistence refers to the phenomenon where unwanted memories cannot be forgotten. It is the opposite of forgetting, as it involves the inability to forget certain intrusive memories.
08
Suggestibility
Suggestibility involves incorporating misleading information from external sources into personal recollections. This can distort memories but is not typically classified as forgetting.
09
Identify Correct Options
Based on the analysis, identify which phenomena are associated with forgetting. These include shallow encoding, blocking, proactive interference, and retroactive interference.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
shallow encoding
When we talk about shallow encoding, we refer to a type of memory processing that happens on a superficial level. Imagine trying to memorize a list of words without knowing what they mean. This is what shallow encoding looks like.
Rather than understanding the deeper essence of the information, you're just skimming the surface. This superficial processing leads to poor memory retention.
Here are some key points about shallow encoding:
Rather than understanding the deeper essence of the information, you're just skimming the surface. This superficial processing leads to poor memory retention.
Here are some key points about shallow encoding:
- Focuses on basic details and surface-level information.
- Lacks meaningful connections or depth.
- Often results in quick forgetting.
blocking
Blocking is an intriguing phenomenon that most of us have experienced. It's that frustrating moment when you know you know something, but you just can't retrieve it from memory. This is also known as the 'tip-of-the-tongue' experience.
Here's what you need to know about blocking:
Here's what you need to know about blocking:
- It is a temporary inability to retrieve information.
- Often, this missing piece of information is on the 'tip of the tongue'.
- Can be resolved with cues or additional context.
proactive interference
Proactive interference involves old memories interfering with the ability to remember new information. This happens when old information is so ingrained that it disrupts the retention of new information.
Important characteristics of proactive interference include:
Important characteristics of proactive interference include:
- Old information hinders learning new things.
- Common when similar types of information are involved.
- Can affect tasks like learning a new language or memorizing new phone numbers.
retroactive interference
Retroactive interference is the reverse of proactive interference. It occurs when new information makes it harder to recall older information. This kind of interference is fairly common in our daily lives.
Key aspects of retroactive interference include:
Key aspects of retroactive interference include:
- New information affects the recall of previous memories.
- Often happens with memories that are similar in nature.
- Can disrupt work, studies, and simple daily tasks.
