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Chapter 9: Problem 1

A 1-week-old infant normally can Choose all that apply. a. differentiate between sweet and nonsweet tastes. b. display social smiles. c. grasp a caregiver's finger. d. make eye contact. e. orient toward loud sounds. f. recognize his or her name. g. roll over from stomach to back. h. see a caregiver across the room. i. turn his or her head toward the smell of the mother's breast milk. j. turn toward a nipple near his or her mouth.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a, c, e, i, j

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Each Option

Review each provided option to determine the abilities of a 1-week-old infant according to current scientific knowledge.
02

Identify Correct Abilities

Compare each ability with developmental milestones for a 1-week-old infant to determine which are accurate.
03

Final Selection

Based on the analysis, select the options that accurately describe the capabilities of a 1-week-old infant.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sensory Abilities
Sensory abilities are crucial in the early stages of an infant's development. At just 1-week-old, infants have already developed certain sensory capabilities, even though they are still refining them. For instance:
  • They can differentiate between sweet and nonsweet tastes. Newborns have a natural preference for sweetness, which is why they often prefer breast milk.

  • They can orient toward loud sounds. This shows that their auditory system is already somewhat developed, helping them respond to their environment.

  • They are particularly sensitive to smells, and can turn their head toward the smell of their mother’s breast milk. This aids in breastfeeding and bonding.

Infants also possess basic visual abilities, like focusing on close objects, but they cannot see things far away yet. They use their sensory skills to interact with their surroundings and these skills will continue to develop as they grow.
Motor Skills
Motor skills are the abilities that let infants move and control their bodies. Motor development in a 1-week-old infant is quite limited, though they do display some basic capabilities:
  • They can grasp a caregiver's finger thanks to the palmar grasp reflex. This reflex is a survival mechanism that helps them hold on to their caregiver for support and security.

  • They can turn toward a nipple near their mouth. This action is part of the rooting reflex, which helps them find food and begin feeding.

These reflexes are critical for their survival and will evolve into more controlled and intentional movements as they get older. At this stage, they cannot yet perform complex actions like rolling over or supporting their head independently.
Social Behavior
Social behavior in newborns centers on their ability to interact and form connections with their caregivers. Although a 1-week-old infant’s social capabilities are minimal, they do exhibit some behaviors:
  • They can make eye contact. This ability helps initiate bonding with their caregivers and is crucial for their emotional development.

However, they are not yet able to display social smiles, which generally develop around 6 to 8 weeks of age. Despite their limited social behaviors, these simple interactions are essential for establishing early connections.
Cognitive Development
Cognitive development in infants involves the gradual building of thinking, learning, and problem-solving abilities. At one week of age, infants are at the very beginning of this journey:
  • They cannot recognize their name or the names of their caregivers yet. Recognition and understanding of names develop several months later as cognitive and social skills advance.

  • They follow basic sensory inputs and stimuli, which helps them start learning about their environment.

Even though their cognitive abilities are limited at this stage, every interaction, sound, and visual cue contributes to their ongoing cognitive development. Over time, these experiences will help them make sense of the world around them.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Piaget's theories of development have been very influential, but recent findings present challenges to some of his ideas. Which of the following statements is NOT a challenge to Piaget's theories? a. Children can move back and forth between stages when working on tasks. b. Babies can demonstrate object permanence in the first few months of life. c. Children younger than 3 can understand the concepts of "more than" and "less than" when using M\&M's. d. All of the above are challenges to Piaget's theories.

Imagine reading a young child a story. In the story, Schuyler calls Emma a mean name. Emma retaliates by biting Schuyler. You ask the child what she thinks about the fact that Emma bit Schuyler. Three possible responses appear below. Label each as typical of one of the levels of moral reasoning described by Kohlberg: preconventional, conventional, or postconventional. a. "Emma better not bite again if she doesn't want to get bitten back." b. "Even if someone hurts us, it's never okay to hurt them back." c. "It is wrong to bite people. Emma is going to get a time out."

A9-month-old child watches as three cubes are covered by a panel, then as three more cubes appear to move behind the panel. Once the panel is lifted, only three cubes appear. Which of the following statements describes the infant's likely reaction? a. The infant quickly will lose interest in the screen. b. The infant will try to grab the three remaining cubes. c. The infant will stare at the researcher's face. d. The infant will stare at the three remaining cubes for a relatively long time.
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