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Chapter 12: Problem 1

Which of the following concepts is being illustrated in each of the examples below: cognitive dissonance, stereotyping. stereotype threat, in-group bias, out-group homogeneity? Cole's classmate in college was from Sardinia, and he loved to eat sardines for lunch. Cole now believes that the diet of all Sardinians is centered on sardines, and he has little doubt about why the island is called Sardinia.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The psychological concept illustrated in the given example is Stereotyping, as Cole is generalizing the eating habits of all Sardinians based on the diet of one individual Sardinian he met in college.

Step by step solution

01

Define the psychological concepts

1. Cognitive dissonance: The mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or perceptions. 2. Stereotyping: A simplified and fixed idea or image that is formed about a group or category of people, often based on limited exposure or experience. 3. Stereotype threat: A situation in which people feel themselves to be at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group. 4. In-group bias: A pattern of favoring members of one's ingroup over outgroup members. 5. Out-group homogeneity: The perception that members of another social group have similar traits, characteristics, and behaviors, making them less diverse than one's ingroup.
02

Compare the psychological concepts with the situation

Cole's belief that the diet of all Sardinians is centered on sardines due to his classmate's eating habits implies that he has formed a simplified and fixed idea about the Sardinians' eating habits based on limited experience. This matches the definition of stereotyping, since he is basing his belief on only one person's behavior and generalizing that to the entire population of Sardinia.
03

Identify the matching psychological concept

The psychological concept being illustrated in the given example is Stereotyping. Cole is generalizing the eating habits of all Sardinians based on the diet of one individual Sardinian he met in college. This represents a simplified and fixed idea about the group, based on limited exposure or experience.

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