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Chapter 14: Problem 5

Match each example below with one of the following disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Harry disinfects his shoes, clothing, floor, and doorknobs with bleach several times a day. Never theless, he is tormented by worries that his apartment may be contaminated by germs from outside. He doesn't allow anyone to come into his apartment for fear they will contaminate his furniture and belongings.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The psychological disorder that best fits Dwight's scenario, in which he experiences auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs about aliens, is schizophrenia.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the psychological disorders

Before identifying the disorder in the given scenario, we should first have a basic understanding of the five psychological disorders mentioned. 1. Dissociative Amnesia with Dissociative Fugue: \(•\) Involuntary loss of personal memory or identity. \(•\) Individuals may also suddenly travel away from their usual surroundings, creating a new identity. 2. Dissociative Identity Disorder: \(•\) Previously known as multiple personality disorder. \(•\) Presence of two or more distinct and separate personalities within the same person. 3. Antisocial Personality Disorder: \(•\) Disregard for and violation of the rights of others. \(•\) Lack of empathy and willingness to manipulate others for personal gain. 4. Borderline Personality Disorder: \(•\) Pattern of instability in relationships, mood, and self-image. \(•\) Intense emotions, self-destructive behaviors, and fear of abandonment. 5. Schizophrenia: \(•\) A severe mental disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, or delusions.
02

Analyze the given scenario

Revisit the scenario described in the exercise and identify the key points: \(•\) Dwight had barricaded all the doors and windows of his house. \(•\) Voices told him that aliens were coming to kidnap him. Given these key points, we can see that Dwight is experiencing hallucinations in the form of voices, and he has altered his behavior because he believes in the existence of an external, nonexistent threat.
03

Match the scenario with the psychological disorder

Based on the characteristics of each disorder and the symptoms exhibited by Dwight in the given scenario, we can conclude that the best fit for this scenario is: Schizophrenia: As Dwight is experiencing auditory hallucinations (voices) and has a delusional belief that aliens are coming to kidnap him, this scenario aligns with the characteristics of schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, or delusions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental health disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It's characterized by episodes of psychosis, which include delusions—false beliefs not based in reality, and hallucinations—experiencing things that aren't there, such as hearing voices. People with schizophrenia may also exhibit disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms, which refers to diminished emotional expression or lack of motivation.

The onset of schizophrenia typically occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood. While the exact cause is unknown, a combination of genetic, brain chemistry, and environmental factors contributes to the development of the disorder. Treatment often involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapies to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Explained
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition that is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within an individual. Each of these identities may have unique names, characteristics, histories, and ways of interacting with the world.

The development of DID is often a response to extreme trauma during early childhood, usually extreme, repetitive physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. The presence of multiple identities serves as a coping mechanism, allowing the individual to dissociate from the traumatic experiences. The condition can lead to gaps in memory and an inability to recall personal information or events. Treatment for DID typically includes psychotherapy aimed at integrating the separate identities into one primary identity and dealing with the trauma that led to the disorder's development.

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Its Impact
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a mental health condition characterized by a long-term pattern of disregarding or violating the rights of others. Individuals with this disorder may often come across as charming or intelligent, but they tend to be deceitful and manipulative, showing little remorse or guilt for their actions. They may engage in risky behaviors, break laws, and have difficulties maintaining personal relationships.

APD is typically diagnosed in adulthood, although the patterns of behavior are often seen in adolescence. Causes are thought to be a complex blend of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, including childhood abuse or neglect. Treatment can be challenging as individuals with APD might not seek help voluntarily, often entering treatment through the legal system. Therapy for APD focuses on improving prosocial behaviors, though the effectiveness can vary significantly among individuals.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Match each example below with one of the following disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Kathy is so painfully shy that she dropped out of college rather than take a public-speaking class. Although she is very bright and hardworking, she is unemployed because she cannot bring herself to go to a job interview.

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