Chapter 3: Problem 23

Drugs such as lidocaine and novocaine act as \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) channel blockers. In other words, they prevent sodium from moving across the neuronal membrane. Why would this particular effect make these drugs such effective local anesthetics?

Short Answer

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Drugs like lidocaine and novocaine block the Sodium (\(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)) channels on neurons, preventing Sodium ions from crossing the neuronal membrane. This hinders the generation of action potentials, which are necessary for the transmission of sensory information, including pain, to the brain. As a result, these drugs are effective as local anesthetics because they can numb specific areas and reduce or eliminate the sensation of pain.

Step by step solution

Understand the Role of Sodium in Nerve Function

Neurons, the cells that transmit signals in our nervous system, rely on the movement of ions, including sodium (\(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\)), across their membranes to generate electrical signals. These signals are known as action potentials and they help relay sensory information from various parts of the body to the brain.

Describe the Action Potential Generation

An action potential is generated when the neuron membrane depolarizes and Sodium ion channels open, allowing Sodium ions to rush into the neuron. This causes the neuron to become positively charged, resulting in an electrical signal that moves along the neuron. After the Sodium ion channels have opened, they close and Potassium ion channels open, allowing potassium ions to leave the neuron, causing repolarization. This reset action allows the neuron to be ready for another action potential.

Establish the Connection between Sodium Channel Blocking and Anesthesia

When a drug like lidocaine or novocaine acts as a Sodium channel blocker, it prevents Sodium ions from moving across the neuronal membrane. This hinders the generation of action potentials, preventing the relay of sensory signals, including pain, from the area of application to the brain. Thus, the area becomes numb and anesthetized.

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Drugs such as lidocaine and novocaine act as \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) channel blockers. In other words, they prevent sodium from moving across the neuronal membrane. Why would this particular effect make these drugs such effective local anesthetics?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understand the Role of Sodium in Nerve Function

Describe the Action Potential Generation

Establish the Connection between Sodium Channel Blocking and Anesthesia

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