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Chapter 11: Problem 2

Check your recall of the principal ideas of important personality theorists covered in this chapter by matching the people listed on the left with the appropriate contributions described on the right. Fill in the letters for your choices in the spaces provided on the left. You'll find the answers in Appendix A. Key Ideas and Contributions a. This humanistic theorist is famous for his hierarchy of needs and his work on self-actualizing persons. b. This humanist called his approach a "personcentered theory." He argued that an incongruent self-concept tends to promote anxiety and defensive behavior. c. This influential behaviorist explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning, especially the process of reinforcement. d. This theorist emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. e. This behaviorist sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior. f. This theorist views personality structure as a hierarchy of traits and argues that personality is heavily influenced by heredity. g. This theorist clashed with Freud and argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority. h. This psychodynamic theorist is famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. i. This theorist's social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. Major Theorists _____Albert Bandura

Short Answer

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Question: Match the major personality theorists with their correct key ideas and contributions. a) A theorist focused on the hierarchy of needs and self-actualizing persons. b) A theorist who called his approach "person-centered theory" and discussed incongruent self-concept, anxiety, and defensive behavior. c) An influential behaviorist who explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning and reinforcement. d) A theorist who emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. e) A behaviorist who sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior. f) A theorist who viewed personality structure as a hierarchy of traits that are heavily influenced by heredity. g) A theorist who argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority. h) A psychodynamic theorist famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. i) A theorist whose social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. Answer: a) Abraham Maslow b) Carl Rogers c) B.F. Skinner d) Sigmund Freud e) Walter Mischel f) Hans Eysenck g) Alfred Adler h) Carl Jung i) Albert Bandura

Step by step solution

01

Matching 'a'

Based on the description, "a" refers to a humanistic theorist who focused on hierarchy of needs and self-actualizing persons. This theorist is Abraham Maslow.
02

Matching 'b'

"b" discusses a humanist who called his approach "person-centered theory" and talked about incongruent self-concept, anxiety, and defensive behavior. This theorist is Carl Rogers.
03

Matching 'c'

The influential behaviorist who explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning and reinforcement is referred to in 'c'. This theorist is B.F. Skinner.
04

Matching 'd'

The theorist mentioned in 'd' emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. This theorist is Sigmund Freud.
05

Matching 'e'

The behaviorist described in 'e', who sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior, is Walter Mischel.
06

Matching 'f'

In 'f', the theorist is described as viewing personality structure as a hierarchy of traits that are heavily influenced by heredity. This theorist is Hans Eysenck.
07

Matching 'g'

The theorist who clashed with Freud and argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority is mentioned in 'g'. This theorist is Alfred Adler.
08

Matching 'h'

The psychodynamic theorist famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes is mentioned in 'h'. This theorist is Carl Jung.
09

Matching 'i'

Finally, "i" discusses a theorist whose social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. This theorist is Albert Bandura.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Check your recall of the principal ideas of important personality theorists covered in this chapter by matching the people listed on the left with the appropriate contributions described on the right. Fill in the letters for your choices in the spaces provided on the left. You'll find the answers in Appendix A. Key Ideas and Contributions a. This humanistic theorist is famous for his hierarchy of needs and his work on self-actualizing persons. b. This humanist called his approach a "personcentered theory." He argued that an incongruent self-concept tends to promote anxiety and defensive behavior. c. This influential behaviorist explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning, especially the process of reinforcement. d. This theorist emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. e. This behaviorist sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior. f. This theorist views personality structure as a hierarchy of traits and argues that personality is heavily influenced by heredity. g. This theorist clashed with Freud and argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority. h. This psychodynamic theorist is famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. i. This theorist's social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. Major Theorists _____B. F. Skinner

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 4\. _______________

Choose from the following theorists: (a) Alfred Adler, (b) Albert Bandura, (c) Hans Eysenck, (d) Sigmund Freud, (e) Abraham Maslow, (f) Walter Mischel. ________ "If you deliberately plan to be less than you are capable of being, then warn you that you'll be deeply unhappy for the rest of your life."

Check your recall of the principal ideas of important personality theorists covered in this chapter by matching the people listed on the left with the appropriate contributions described on the right. Fill in the letters for your choices in the spaces provided on the left. You'll find the answers in Appendix A. Key Ideas and Contributions a. This humanistic theorist is famous for his hierarchy of needs and his work on self-actualizing persons. b. This humanist called his approach a "personcentered theory." He argued that an incongruent self-concept tends to promote anxiety and defensive behavior. c. This influential behaviorist explained personality development in terms of operant conditioning, especially the process of reinforcement. d. This theorist emphasized the importance of unconscious conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual development. e. This behaviorist sparked a robust debate about the importance of the person, as opposed to the situation, in determining behavior. f. This theorist views personality structure as a hierarchy of traits and argues that personality is heavily influenced by heredity. g. This theorist clashed with Freud and argued that the foremost source of human motivation is a striving for superiority. h. This psychodynamic theorist is famous for the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. i. This theorist's social cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and self-efficacy. Major Theorists _____Alfred Adler

Check your understanding of defense mechanisms by identifying specific defenses in the story below. Each example of a defense mechanism is underlined, with a number beneath it. Write in the defense at work in each case in the numbered spaces after the story. The answers are in Appendix A. My boyfriend recently broke up with me after we had dated seriously for several years. At first, I cried a great deal and \(\underline{\text { locked myself in my room, where I pouted endlessly. }}\) was sure that my former boyfriend felt as miserable as I did.\(\underline{\text { I told several friends that he was probably lonely and depressed.}}\) Later, I decided that I hated him.\(\underline{\text { I was happy about the breaküp and talked about how much / was going to enjoy my newfound freedom,}}\) 1 went to parties and socialized a great deal and just forgot about him. \(\underline{\text { It's funny-at one point / couldn't even remember his phone number. }}\) Then I started pining for him again. But eventually l began to look at the situation more objectively. I realized that he had many faults and that \(\underline{\text { we were bound to break up sooner or later, so / was better off without him }}\) 5\. _______________
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