Therapy a. Psychoanalysis b. Client-centered therapy c. Cognitive therapy d. Behavior therapy Principal Therapeutic Goals Elimination of maladaptive behaviors or symptoms

To solve this problem, we need to understand the four types of therapy mentioned and their main goals: a. Psychoanalysis: This form of therapy focuses on the unconscious mind and aims to bring repressed thoughts, emotions, and past experiences to the conscious level. It seeks to understand the root causes of psychological issues and how they affect an individual's behavior. b. Client-centered therapy: This humanistic approach emphasizes the importance of an empathetic and non-judgmental therapist, who helps the individual explore their feelings, emotions, and experiences. The goal is to enhance the individual's self-awareness and self-acceptance, leading to personal growth and improved psychological well-being. c. Cognitive therapy: This approach aims to help individuals identify and change irrational, maladaptive thinking patterns. The goal is to replace these negative thoughts with more rational and adaptive ones, which will, in turn, lead to more positive behavior and improved mental health. d. Behavior therapy: This form of therapy focuses on changing an individual's maladaptive behaviors through the use of reinforcement, punishment, and other learning-based techniques. The primary goal is to help the individual develop more adaptive behaviors and coping mechanisms.

Now that we understand the main focus of each therapy type, we can determine which therapy(ies) directly target the elimination of maladaptive behaviors or symptoms. Based on our analysis, the therapy that specifically focuses on eliminating maladaptive behaviors or symptoms is: d. Behavior therapy This is because behavior therapy uses various techniques to change an individual's maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive ones, directly addressing the goal mentioned in the exercise.

While other therapies may contribute to the improvement of an individual's mental health and may indirectly help eliminate maladaptive behaviors or symptoms, they primarily focus on different aspects (e.g., unconscious thoughts or emotions, client's self-awareness, or irrational thinking patterns). For instance, cognitive therapy is focused on changing irrational thought patterns rather than specifically targeting maladaptive behaviors. As a result, though it can contribute to improved behaviors and reduced symptoms, its primary focus is on changing thought patterns. Therefore, while these therapies may play a role in reducing maladaptive behaviors or symptoms, their primary goal isn't necessarily the elimination of these behaviors or symptoms. That being said, therapy approaches can be combined and tailored to the individual's specific needs for the best possible outcome.