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Chapter 1: Problem 7

Which of the following approaches has the most optimistic view of human nature? A. humanism B. behaviorism C. psychoanalysis D. structuralism

Short Answer

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Answer: A. Humanism

Step by step solution

01

A. Humanism

Humanism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, the importance of self-actualization, and the belief that all humans have the potential to become better versions of themselves. It focuses on the individual's subjective experience and intrinsic motivation to achieve fulfillment and growth.
02

B. Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that studies observable and measurable human behavior. It focuses on the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses, asserting that behavior is shaped and controlled by external factors rather than internal thoughts or feelings.
03

C. Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis is a psychological perspective developed by Sigmund Freud, which focuses on the influence of unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on human behavior. According to this approach, human nature is driven by innate sexual and aggressive instincts that can lead to irrational and socially unacceptable behavior if not properly managed.
04

D. Structuralism

Structuralism is an early psychological approach that focuses on analyzing the basic components of consciousness and mental processes. This perspective seeks to understand how different mental elements are organized and combined to produce thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
05

Comparing the approaches

Comparing the four approaches, it is evident that humanism has the most optimistic view of human nature, as it highlights the potential for personal growth, self-actualization, and emphasizes the inherent goodness of people. In contrast, the other perspectives focus more on external factors, unconscious drives, or the structure of mental processes. So, the correct answer is: A. humanism

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A multifactorial causation approach to behavior suggests that: A. most behaviors can be explained best by single-cause explanations. B. most behavior is governed by a complex network of interrelated factors. C. data must be subjected to rigorous statistical analysis in order to make sense. D. explanations of behavior tend to build up from the simple to the complex in a hierarchical manner.

Psychology's answer to the question of whether we are born or made tends to be: A. we are born. B. we are made. C. we are both born and made. D. neither.

Which of the following approaches might William James criticize for examining a movie frame by frame instead of seeing the motion in the motion picture? A. structuralism B. functionalism C. dualism D. humanism

Which of the following historical events created a demand for clinicians that was far greater than the supply and stimulated the development of clinical psychology? A. World War I B. the Depression C. World War II D. the Korean War

Which of the following approaches might suggest that forgetting to pick his mother up at the airport was Henry's unconscious way of saying that he did not welcome her visit? A. psychoanalytic B. behavioral C. humanistic D. cognitive
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