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Chapter 6: Problem 1

After repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is \(a(n)\): A. unconditioned stimulus. B. unconditioned response. C. conditioned stimulus. D. conditioned response.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Conditioned response

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Context

Pavlov's experiment involved conditioning a dog to associate a tone with an unconditioned stimulus (meat powder), which naturally elicited an unconditioned response (salivation). Through repeated trials, the dog learns to associate the tone with the meat powder and starts to salivate just by hearing the tone.
02

Identify the Unconditioned Stimulus and Response

In this experiment, the unconditioned stimulus is the meat powder, as it is something that naturally causes the dog to salivate. The unconditioned response is the salivation that occurs in response to the meat powder. So, we can eliminate options A and B.
03

Identify the Conditioned Stimulus and Response

The conditioned stimulus is the tone, as it becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (meat powder) through the learning process. The conditioned response is the salivation that occurs in response to the tone, once the association has been formed. Hence, we eliminate option C.
04

Select the Correct Answer

We are left with option D, which is the conditioned response, meaning the dog's salivation in response to the tone after learning the association. This is the correct answer.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

According to Rescorla, the strength of a conditioned response depends on: A. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) and \(U C S\) are paired. B. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) is presented alone. C. the percentage of trials in which the \(\mathrm{CS}\) and UCS are paired. D. resistance to extinction.

A pigeon in a Skinner box is pecking the disk at a high, steady rate. The graph portraying this pigeon's responding will have: A. a steep, unchanging slope. B. a shallow, unchanging slope. C. a progressively steeper slope D. a progressively shallower slope.

Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned "Little Albert" to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa's beard as well. Albert's fear of these other objects can be attributed to: A. the law of effect. B. stimulus generalization. C. stimulus discrimination. D. an overactive imagination.

Positive reinforcement __________ the rate of responding; negative reinforcement ____________ the rate of responding. A. increases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; increases D. decreases; decreases

The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that: A. only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR. B. auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli. C. visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli. D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS.
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