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Chapter 6: Problem 9

Positive reinforcement __________ the rate of responding; negative reinforcement ____________ the rate of responding. A. increases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; increases D. decreases; decreases

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the rate of responding, as they strengthen the association between the behavior and a desirable outcome.

Step by step solution

01

Understand positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement is when a desired stimulus is added following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. In other words, it 'reinforces' the behavior by making it more likely to happen.
02

Understand negative reinforcement

Negative reinforcement is when an undesired stimulus is removed following a behavior, which also increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. Essentially, the behavior being reinforced is one that helps to avoid or escape from the undesired stimulus.
03

Compare positive and negative reinforcement

Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the rate of responding (i.e., the likelihood of a behavior being repeated in the future) because they strengthen the association between the behavior and a desirable outcome. The difference between them lies in whether the desirable outcome results from the addition of a stimulus (positive reinforcement) or the removal of a stimulus (negative reinforcement).
04

Choose the correct answer

Based on our understanding of positive and negative reinforcement, we can conclude that they both increase the rate of responding. Therefore, the correct answer is: C. increases; increases

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following statements is (are) true? A. Classical conditioning regulates reflexive, involuntary responses exclusively. B. Operant conditioning regulates voluntary responses exclusively. C. The distinction between the two types of conditioning is not absolute, with both types jointly and interactively governing some aspects of behavior. D. Both a and b.

The steady, rapid responding of a person playing a slot machine is an example of the pattern of responding typically generated on a ___________ schedule. A. fixed-ratio B. variable-ratio C. fixed-interval D. variable-interval

According to Rescorla, the strength of a conditioned response depends on: A. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) and \(U C S\) are paired. B. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) is presented alone. C. the percentage of trials in which the \(\mathrm{CS}\) and UCS are paired. D. resistance to extinction.

A pigeon in a Skinner box is pecking the disk at a high, steady rate. The graph portraying this pigeon's responding will have: A. a steep, unchanging slope. B. a shallow, unchanging slope. C. a progressively steeper slope D. a progressively shallower slope.

The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that: A. only a genuine, natural UCS can be used to establish a CR. B. auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli. C. visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli. D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural UCS.
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