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Chapter 6: Problem 11

Nolan used to love tequila. However, a few weeks ago he drank way too much tequila and became very, very sick. His tendency to drink tequila has since declined dramatically. In operant terms, this sequence of events represents: A. generalization B. negative reinforcement. C. higher-order conditioning. D. punishment.

Short Answer

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A. Generalization B. Negative reinforcement C. Higher-order conditioning D. Punishment Answer: D. Punishment

Step by step solution

01

Understand each term

A. Generalization: A process in which a learned response to a specific stimulus is extended to similar stimuli. B. Negative reinforcement: The process of strengthening a behavior by removing an unpleasant consequence. C. Higher-order conditioning: A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus and eventually acquires the capacity to elicit the conditioned response. D. Punishment: The process of weakening a behavior through the application of an aversive stimulus or removal of a positive stimulus.
02

Analyze Nolan's situation

Nolan used to love tequila. However, after drinking too much and becoming very sick, his tendency to drink tequila has declined dramatically. This means that his behavior (drinking tequila) has been weakened as a result of his unpleasant experience (getting sick).
03

Determine the correct term for the sequence of events in Nolan's situation

Based on the definitions and the analysis of Nolan's situation, we can conclude that the sequence of events represents: D. Punishment: This is because Nolan's behavior (drinking tequila) has been weakened through the application of an aversive stimulus (getting sick).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A pigeon in a Skinner box is pecking the disk at a high, steady rate. The graph portraying this pigeon's responding will have: A. a steep, unchanging slope. B. a shallow, unchanging slope. C. a progressively steeper slope D. a progressively shallower slope.

Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned "Little Albert" to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa's beard as well. Albert's fear of these other objects can be attributed to: A. negative reinforcement. B. stimulus generalization. C. stimulus discrimination. D. an overactive imagination.

When advertisers pair their products with likable celebrities, pleasant music, and beautiful scenery, they are attempting to make their products: A. unconditioned stimuli. B. conditioned stimuli. C. conditioned responses. D. primary reinforcers.

According to Rescorla, the strength of a conditioned response depends on: A. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) and US are paired. B. the number of trials in which the \(C S\) is presented alone. C. the percentage of trials in which the \(C S\) and US are paired. D. resistance to extinction.

The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that: A. only a genuine, natural US can be used to establish a CR. B. auditory stimuli are easier to condition than visual stimuli C. visual stimuli are easier to condition than auditory stimuli. D. an already established CS can be used in the place of a natural US.
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