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Chapter 20: Problem 4

How do theories of cognitive dissonance explain why certain people may be attracted to some information while they avoid other information? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort experienced when holding contradicting beliefs, leading one to favor information that aligns with existing beliefs and avoid information that could increase dissonance. For example, a climate change believer may selectively choose information supporting their belief while ignoring contrary information.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is a psychological theory proposed by Leon Festinger that suggests discomfort often arises when an individual holds two or more contradicting beliefs, values, or attitudes simultaneously, or when new information conflicts with existing beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. This discomfort influences the individual to change their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors to reduce the dissonance and restore balance.
02

Impact on Information Preference

Theories of cognitive dissonance propose that people tend to seek consistency in their beliefs and attitudes. When there's an inconsistency, people will actively avoid situations or reject new information that could potentially increase the dissonance. Thus, an individual will be more attracted to information that aligns with their existing beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors to avoid the uncomfortable dissonance.
03

Examples of Cognitive Dissonance Influence

For instance, a person who believes in climate change might actively seek out information supporting the detrimental effects of global warming while avoiding articles that downplay that perspective. Similarly, a hefty smoker might avoid research showcasing the harmful effects of smoking and instead focus on readings that show its calming effects or the difficulty of quitting to further support their behavior.

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