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Mobile App Problem 48
Write Lewis structures, including typical contributions to the resonance structure (where appropriate, allow for the possibility of octer expansion), for (a) dihydrogen phosphate ion; (b) sulfite ion; (c) chlorate ion; (d) nitrate ion.
Problem 50
Which of the following species are radicals: (a) \(\mathrm{NO}\); (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}^{*}\); (c) \(\mathrm{BF}_{4}\); (d) \(\mathrm{BrO}\) ?
Problem 53
Write the Lewis structures for the following reactive species found to contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and indicate which are radicals: (a) chlorine monoxide, \(\mathrm{ClO}\); (b) dichloroperoxide, \(\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{Cl}\); (c) chlorine nitrate, \(\mathrm{ClONO}_{2}\) (the central \(\mathrm{O}\) atom is attached to the \(\mathrm{Cl}\) atom and to the \(\mathrm{N}\) atom of the \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) group); (d) chlorine peroxide, \(\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}\).
Problem 56
Write Lewis structures and state the number of lone pairs on the central atom of the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{ClF}_{3}\) (b) AsF \(_{5} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{SF}_{4}\).
Problem 57
Identify the following species as Lewis acids or Lewis bases; (a) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\); (b) \(\mathrm{BF}_{3}\); (c) \(\mathrm{Ag}^{*}\); (d) \(\mathrm{F}\).
Problem 58
Identify the following species as Lewis acids or Lewis bases: (a) \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\); (b) \(\mathrm{A}^{3+}\); (c) \(\mathrm{CN}^{-}\); (d) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}{ }^{-}\).
Problem 59
Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base, and then write the product (a complex) for the following Lewis acid-base reactions: (a) \(\mathrm{PF}_{5}+\mathbf{F}^{-} \rightarrow\) ? (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow\) ?
Problem 61
Arrange the cations \(\mathrm{Rb}^{+}\), \(\mathrm{Be}^{2+}\), and \(\mathrm{Sr}^{2+}\) in order of increasing polarizing power. Give an explanation of your arrangement.
Problem 62
Arrange the cations \(\mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}, \mathrm{Al}^{3+}\), and \(\mathrm{Cs}^{+}\)in order of increasing polarizing power. Give an explanation of your arrangement.
Problem 63
Arrange the ions \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}, \mathrm{Br}^{-}, \mathrm{N}^{3-}\), and \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) in order of increasing polarizability, giving reasons for your decisions.
