Chapter 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding sodium and chlorine? (A) Sodium has greater electronegativity and a larger first ionization energy. (B) Sodium has a larger first ionization energy and a larger atomic radius. (C) Chlorine has a larger atomic radius and a greater electronegativity. (D) Chlorine has greater electronegativity and a larger first ionization energy.

A solution of \(\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) ions appears red when viewed under white light. Which of the following statements is true about the solution? (A) A spectrophotometer set to the wavelength of red light would read a high absorbance. (B) If the solution is diluted, the amount of light reflected by the solution will decrease. (C) All light with a frequency that is lower than that of red light will be absorbed by it. (D) Electronic transmissions within the solution match the wavelength of red light.

Which of the following expressions is equal to the \(K_{\mathrm{sp}}\) of \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ?\) (A) \(K_{s p}=\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]\left[\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\right]\) (B) \(K_{s p}=\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]\left[\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\right]^{2}\) (C) \(K_{s p}=\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]^{2}\left[\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\right]\) (D) \(K_{s p}=\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]^{2}\left[\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\right]^{2}\)

An atom of silicon in its ground state is subjected to a frequency of light that is high enough to cause electron ejection. An electron from which subshell of silicon would have the highest kinetic energy after ejection? (A) 1 \(\mathrm{s}\) (B) 2\(p\) (C) 3\(p\) (D) 4\(s\)

Use the following information to answer questions 12-15. When heated in a closed container in the presence of a catalyst, potassium chlorate decomposes into potassium chloride and oxygen gas via the following reaction: \(2 \mathrm{KClO}_{3}(s) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{KCl}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) If 12.25 g of potassium chlorate decomposes, how many grams of oxygen gas will be generated? (A) 1.60 g (B) 3.20 g (C) 4.80 g (D) 18.37 g

\(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)\) Which of the following is true for the above reaction? (A) The value for \(\Delta S\) is positive. (B) The value for \(\Delta G\) is zero. (C) The value for \(\Delta H\) is positive. (D) The reaction is favored at 1.0 \(\mathrm{atm}\) and 298 \(\mathrm{K}\) .

Identical amounts of the four gases listed below are present in four separate balloons. At STP, which balloon size experiences the greatest deviation from the volume calculated using the Ideal Gas Law? $\begin{array}{ll}{\text { (A) }} & {\mathrm{H}_{2}} \\ {\text { (B) }} & {\mathrm{O}_{2}} \\ {\text { (C) }} & {\mathrm{N}_{2}} \\ {\text { (D) }} & {\mathrm{F}_{2}}\end{array}$

The wavelength range for infrared radiation is \(10^{-5} \mathrm{m},\) while that of ultraviolet radiation is \(10^{-8} \mathrm{m}\) . Which type of radiation has more energy, and why? (A) Ultraviolet has more energy because it has a higher frequency. (B) Ultraviolet has more energy because it has a longer wavelength. (C) Infrared has more energy because it has a lower frequency. (D) Infrared has more energy because it has a shorter wavelength.

Which of the following reasons correctly explains one reason that increasing the temperature of a reaction increases its speed? (A) All reactant molecules will have more kinetic energy. (B) A larger percentage of reactant molecules will exceed the activation energy barrier. (C) A higher percentage of molecular collisions will have the correct orientation to cause a reaction. (D) The order of each reactant will increase.

If the solubility of \(\mathrm{BaF}_{2}\), is equal to \(x,\) which of the following expressions is equal to the solubility product, \(K_{s p}\) , for \(\operatorname{BaF}_{2} ?\) (A) \(x^{2}\) (B) 2\(x^{2}\) (C) 2\(x^{3}\) (D) 4\(x^{3}\)